[グローバル|セッション]バインディングの作成
このステートメントは、TiDB に新しい実行プラン バインディングを作成します。バインディングを使用すると、基になるクエリを変更することなく、ステートメントにヒントを挿入できます。
BINDING GLOBALまたはSESSIONいずれかの基準になります。デフォルトはSESSIONです。
バインドされた SQL 文はパラメータ化され、システム テーブルに格納されます。SQL クエリが処理されるとき、パラメータ化された SQL 文とシステム テーブル内のバインドされた文が一致し、システム変数tidb_use_plan_baselinesがON (デフォルト) に設定されている限り、対応するオプティマイザ ヒントが使用可能です。複数の実行プランが使用可能な場合、オプティマイザはコストが最も低いプランをバインドすることを選択します。詳細については、 バインディングを作成する参照してください。
概要
- CreateBindingStmt
- GlobalScope
- BindableStmt
- StringLiteralOrUserVariableList
- StringLiteralOrUserVariable
CreateBindingStmt ::=
'CREATE' GlobalScope 'BINDING' ( 'FOR' BindableStmt 'USING' BindableStmt
| 'FROM' 'HISTORY' 'USING' 'PLAN' 'DIGEST' StringLiteralOrUserVariableList )
GlobalScope ::=
( 'GLOBAL' | 'SESSION' )?
BindableStmt ::=
( SelectStmt | UpdateStmt | InsertIntoStmt | ReplaceIntoStmt | DeleteStmt )
StringLiteralOrUserVariableList ::=
( StringLitOrUserVariable | StringLiteralOrUserVariableList ',' StringLitOrUserVariable )
StringLiteralOrUserVariable ::=
( stringLiteral | UserVariable )
例
SQL ステートメントまたは履歴実行プランに従ってバインドを作成できます。
履歴実行プランに従ってバインディングを作成する場合は、対応するプラン ダイジェストを指定する必要があります。
- プラン ダイジェストを指定するには、文字列リテラルまたは文字列型のユーザー変数のいずれかを使用できます。
- 複数のプラン ダイジェストを指定して、複数のステートメントのバインディングを同時に作成できます。この場合、複数の文字列を指定し、各文字列に複数のダイジェストを含めることができます。文字列またはダイジェストはコンマで区切る必要があることに注意してください。
次の例は、SQL ステートメントに従ってバインディングを作成する方法を示しています。
mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (
id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
b INT NOT NULL,
pad VARBINARY(255),
INDEX(b)
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM dual;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (1.74 sec)
Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.15 sec)
Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.64 sec)
Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SELECT SLEEP(1);
+----------+
| SLEEP(1) |
+----------+
| 0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.00 sec)
mysql> ANALYZE TABLE t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.33 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| IndexLookUp_10 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:10.545072ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:398.359µs, proc keys:297 | | 109.1484375 KB | N/A |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4 | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A | N/A |
| └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:12ms, loops:4 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> CREATE SESSION BINDING FOR
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123
USING
SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
| id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk |
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
| TableReader_7 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:222.32506ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:222.078952ms, proc keys:301010 | data:Selection_6 | 88.6640625 KB | N/A |
| └─Selection_6 | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | | time:224ms, loops:298 | eq(test.t1.b, 123) | N/A | N/A |
| └─TableFullScan_5 | 301010.00 | 301010 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:220ms, loops:298 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A |
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.22 sec)
mysql> SHOW SESSION BINDINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Original_sql: select * from t1 where b = ?
Bind_sql: SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123
Default_db: test
Status: using
Create_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456
Update_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456
Charset: utf8mb4
Collation: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> DROP SESSION BINDING FOR SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| IndexLookUp_10 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:5.31206ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:665.927µs, proc keys:297 | | 109.1484375 KB | N/A |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4 | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A | N/A |
| └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:0s, loops:4 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
次の例は、履歴実行プランに従ってバインディングを作成する方法を示しています。
USE test;
CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, c INT, INDEX ia(a));
CREATE TABLE t2(a INT, b INT, c INT, INDEX ia(a));
INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a = 1;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
UPDATE /*+ INL_JOIN(t2) */ t1, t2 SET t1.a = 1 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
DELETE /*+ HASH_JOIN(t1) */ t1 FROM t1 JOIN t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT a FROM t2);
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
方法1:
SELECT query_sample_text, stmt_type, table_names, plan_digest FROM information_schema.statements_summary_history WHERE table_names LIKE '%test.t1%' AND stmt_type != 'CreateTable';
CREATE GLOBAL BINDING FROM HISTORY USING PLAN DIGEST 'e72819cf99932f63a548156dbf433adda60e10337e89dcaa8638b4caf16f64d8,c291edc36b2482738d3389d335f37efc76290be2930330fe5034c5f4c42eeb36,8dc146249484f4a6ab219bfe9effa6b7a18aeed3764d49b610da61ac347ab914,73b2dec866595688ea416675f88ccb3456eb8e7443a79cd816695b688e07ac6b';
方法2:
SELECT @digests:=GROUP_CONCAT(plan_digest) FROM information_schema.statements_summary_history WHERE table_names LIKE '%test.t1%' AND stmt_type != 'CreateTable';
CREATE GLOBAL BINDING FROM HISTORY USING PLAN DIGEST @digests;
SHOW GLOBAL BINDINGS;
INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a = 1;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
UPDATE t1, t2 SET t1.a = 1 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
DELETE t1 FROM t1 JOIN t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT a FROM t2);
SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
> CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, c INT, INDEX ia(a));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.048 sec)
> CREATE TABLE t2(a INT, b INT, c INT, INDEX ia(a));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.035 sec)
> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
> UPDATE /*+ INL_JOIN(t2) */ t1, t2 SET t1.a = 1 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
> DELETE /*+ HASH_JOIN(t1) */ t1 FROM t1 JOIN t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT a FROM t2);
Empty set (0.002 sec)
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
> SELECT @digests:=GROUP_CONCAT(plan_digest) FROM information_schema.statements_summary_history WHERE table_names LIKE '%test.t1%' AND stmt_type != 'CreateTable';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| @digests:=GROUP_CONCAT(plan_digest) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 73b2dec866595688ea416675f88ccb3456eb8e7443a79cd816695b688e07ac6b,8dc146249484f4a6ab219bfe9effa6b7a18aeed3764d49b610da61ac347ab914,c291edc36b2482738d3389d335f37efc76290be2930330fe5034c5f4c42eeb36,e72819cf99932f63a548156dbf433adda60e10337e89dcaa8638b4caf16f64d8 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
> CREATE GLOBAL BINDING FROM HISTORY USING PLAN DIGEST @digests;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.060 sec)
> SHOW GLOBAL BINDINGS;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---------+-------------------------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Original_sql | Bind_sql | Default_db | Status | Create_time | Update_time | Charset | Collation | Source | Sql_digest | Plan_digest |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---------+-------------------------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| insert into `test` . `t1` select * from `test` . `t2` where `a` = ? | INSERT INTO `test`.`t1` SELECT /*+ use_index(@`sel_1` `test`.`t2` `ia`) no_order_index(@`sel_1` `test`.`t2` `ia`)*/ * FROM `test`.`t2` WHERE `a` = 1 | test | enabled | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.669 | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.669 | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | history | bd23e6af17e7b77b25383e50e258f0dece18583d19772f08caacb2021945a300 | e72819cf99932f63a548156dbf433adda60e10337e89dcaa8638b4caf16f64d8 |
| update ( `test` . `t1` ) join `test` . `t2` set `t1` . `a` = ? where `t1` . `b` = `t2` . `a` | UPDATE /*+ inl_join(`test`.`t2`) use_index(@`upd_1` `test`.`t1` ) use_index(@`upd_1` `test`.`t2` `ia`) no_order_index(@`upd_1` `test`.`t2` `ia`)*/ (`test`.`t1`) JOIN `test`.`t2` SET `t1`.`a`=1 WHERE `t1`.`b` = `t2`.`a` | test | enabled | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.667 | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.667 | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | history | 987e91af17eb40e36fecfc0634cce0b6a736de02bb009091810f932804fc02e9 | c291edc36b2482738d3389d335f37efc76290be2930330fe5034c5f4c42eeb36 |
| delete `test` . `t1` from `test` . `t1` join `test` . `t2` where `t1` . `b` = `t2` . `a` | DELETE /*+ hash_join_build(`test`.`t2`) use_index(@`del_1` `test`.`t1` ) use_index(@`del_1` `test`.`t2` )*/ `test`.`t1` FROM `test`.`t1` JOIN `test`.`t2` WHERE `t1`.`b` = `t2`.`a` | test | enabled | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.664 | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.664 | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | history | 70ef3d442d95c51020a76c7c86a3ab674258606d4dd24bbd16ac6f69d87a4316 | 8dc146249484f4a6ab219bfe9effa6b7a18aeed3764d49b610da61ac347ab914 |
| select * from `test` . `t1` where `t1` . `a` in ( select `a` from `test` . `t2` ) | SELECT /*+ use_index(@`sel_1` `test`.`t1` ) stream_agg(@`sel_2`) use_index(@`sel_2` `test`.`t2` `ia`) order_index(@`sel_2` `test`.`t2` `ia`) agg_to_cop(@`sel_2`)*/ * FROM `test`.`t1` WHERE `t1`.`a` IN (SELECT `a` FROM `test`.`t2`) | test | enabled | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.649 | 2024-08-11 05:27:19.649 | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | history | b58508a5e29d7889adf98cad50343d7a575fd32ad55dbdaa88e14ecde54f3d93 | 73b2dec866595688ea416675f88ccb3456eb8e7443a79cd816695b688e07ac6b |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---------+-------------------------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
> UPDATE t1, t2 SET t1.a = 1 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
> DELETE t1 FROM t1 JOIN t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT a FROM t2);
Empty set (0.002 sec)
> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING;
+--------------------------+
| @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING |
+--------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL 互換性
このステートメントは、MySQL 構文に対する TiDB 拡張です。