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MODIFY COLUMN

ALTER TABLE.. MODIFY COLUMN 语句用于修改现有表中的列。修改内容可以包括更改数据类型和属性。若要同时重命名列,请使用 CHANGE COLUMN 语句。

自 v5.1.0 版本起,TiDB 支持对 Reorg 数据进行数据类型的变更,包括但不限于:

  • VARCHAR 改为 BIGINT
  • 修改 DECIMAL 的精度
  • VARCHAR(10) 压缩为 VARCHAR(5)

概要

AlterTableStmt
ALTERIGNORETABLETableNameModifyColumnSpec,
ModifyColumnSpec
MODIFYColumnKeywordOptIF EXISTSColumnNameColumnTypeColumnOptionFIRSTAFTERColumnName
ColumnType
NumericTypeStringTypeDateAndTimeTypeSERIAL
ColumnOption
NOTNULLAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEYCLUSTEREDNONCLUSTEREDUNIQUEKEYDEFAULTNowSymOptionFractionSignedLiteralNextValueForSequenceSERIALDEFAULTVALUEONUPDATENowSymOptionFractionCOMMENTstringLitCONSTRAINTIdentifierCHECK(Expression)NOTENFORCEDNULLGENERATEDALWAYSAS(Expression)VIRTUALSTOREDREFERENCESTableName(IndexPartSpecificationList)MatchOnDeleteUpdateOptCOLLATECollationNameCOLUMN_FORMATColumnFormatSTORAGEStorageMediaAUTO_RANDOM(LengthNum)
ColumnName
Identifier.Identifier.Identifier

示例

仅元数据变更

CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key AUTO_INCREMENT, col1 INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
INSERT INTO t1 (col1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY col1 BIGINT;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `col1` bigint DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin AUTO_INCREMENT=30001 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Reorg-Data 变更

CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key AUTO_INCREMENT, col1 INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
INSERT INTO t1 (col1) VALUES (12345),(67890);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY col1 VARCHAR(5);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.52 sec)
SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `col1` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */ ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin AUTO_INCREMENT=30001 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

  • 不支持修改主键列上的 Reorg-Data 类型,但支持修改 Meta-Only 类型。例如:

    CREATE TABLE t (a int primary key); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN a VARCHAR(10); ERROR 8200 (HY000): Unsupported modify column: column has primary key flag
    CREATE TABLE t (a int primary key); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN a int UNSIGNED; ERROR 8200 (HY000): Unsupported modify column: column has primary key flag
    CREATE TABLE t (a int primary key); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN a bigint; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  • 不支持修改生成列(generated columns)上的列类型。例如:

    CREATE TABLE t (a INT, b INT as (a+1)); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN b VARCHAR(10); ERROR 8200 (HY000): Unsupported modify column: column is generated
  • 不支持修改分区表(partitioned tables)上的列类型。例如:

    CREATE TABLE t (c1 INT, c2 INT, c3 INT) partition by range columns(c1) ( partition p0 values less than (10), partition p1 values less than (maxvalue)); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN c1 DATETIME; ERROR 8200 (HY000): Unsupported modify column: table is partition table
  • 不支持将某些数据类型(例如部分 TIME 类型、BIT、SET、ENUM、JSON)变更为其他类型,原因是 TiDB 和 MySQL 之间的 cast 函数行为存在兼容性问题。

    CREATE TABLE t (a DECIMAL(13, 7)); ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN a DATETIME; ERROR 8200 (HY000): Unsupported modify column: change from original type decimal(13,7) to datetime is currently unsupported yet

相关链接

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