CREATE USER

该语句用于创建一个新用户，并为其指定密码。在 MySQL 权限系统中，用户是由用户名和其连接来源主机的组合。因此，可以创建一个只能从 IP 地址 192.168.1.1 连接的用户 'newuser2'@'192.168.1.1'。同样，也可以让两个用户拥有相同的用户名部分，但由于他们从不同主机登录，因此拥有不同的权限。

语法

CreateUserStmt ::=
    'CREATE' 'USER' IfNotExists UserSpecList RequireClauseOpt ConnectionOptions PasswordOption LockOption AttributeOption ResourceGroupNameOption

IfNotExists ::=
    ('IF' 'NOT' 'EXISTS')?

UserSpecList ::=
    UserSpec ( ',' UserSpec )*

UserSpec ::=
    Username AuthOption

AuthOption ::=
    ( 'IDENTIFIED' ( 'BY' ( AuthString | 'PASSWORD' HashString ) | 'WITH' StringName ( 'BY' AuthString | 'AS' HashString )? ) )?

StringName ::=
    stringLit
|   Identifier

PasswordOption ::= ( 'PASSWORD' 'EXPIRE' ( 'DEFAULT' | 'NEVER' | 'INTERVAL' N 'DAY' )?
| 'PASSWORD' 'HISTORY' ( 'DEFAULT' | N )
| 'PASSWORD' 'REUSE' 'INTERVAL' ( 'DEFAULT' | N 'DAY' )
| 'PASSWORD' 'REQUIRE' 'CURRENT' 'DEFAULT'
| 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS' N
| 'PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME' ( N | 'UNBOUNDED' ) )*

LockOption ::= ( 'ACCOUNT' 'LOCK' | 'ACCOUNT' 'UNLOCK' )?

AttributeOption ::= ( 'COMMENT' CommentString | 'ATTRIBUTE' AttributeString )?

ResourceGroupNameOption::= ( 'RESOURCE' 'GROUP' Identifier)?

RequireClauseOpt ::= ('REQUIRE' ('NONE' | 'SSL' | 'X509' | RequireListElement ('AND'? RequireListElement)*))?

RequireListElement ::= 'ISSUER' Issuer | 'SUBJECT' Subject | 'CIPHER' Cipher | 'SAN' SAN | 'TOKEN_ISSUER' TokenIssuer

示例

创建一个密码为 newuserpassword 的用户。

mysql> CREATE USER 'newuser' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

创建一个只能登录到 192.168.1.1 的用户。

mysql> CREATE USER 'newuser2'@'192.168.1.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个强制使用 TLS 连接登录的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser3'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword' REQUIRE SSL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个登录时必须使用 X.509 证书的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser4'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword' REQUIRE ISSUER '/C=US/ST=California/L=San Francisco/O=PingCAP';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个在创建时即被锁定的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser5'@'%' ACCOUNT LOCK;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个带有注释的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser6'@'%' COMMENT 'This user is created only for test';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;

+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER      | HOST | ATTRIBUTE                                         |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser6  | %    | {"comment": "This user is created only for test"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个带有 email 属性的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser7'@'%' ATTRIBUTE '{"email": "user@pingcap.com"}';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;

+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER      | HOST | ATTRIBUTE                                         |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser7  | %    | {"email": "user@pingcap.com"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个不允许重用最近 5 个密码的用户：

CREATE USER 'newuser8'@'%' PASSWORD HISTORY 5;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个密码被手动过期的用户：

CREATE USER 'newuser9'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个使用资源组 rg1 的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser7'@'%' RESOURCE GROUP rg1;
SELECT USER, HOST, USER_ATTRIBUTES FROM MYSQL.USER WHERE USER='newuser7';

+----------+------+---------------------------+
| USER     | HOST | USER_ATTRIBUTES           |
+----------+------+---------------------------+
| newuser7 | %    | {"resource_group": "rg1"} |
+----------+------+---------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

以下 CREATE USER 选项目前尚未被 TiDB 支持，会被解析但会被忽略：

• PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT
• WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
• WITH MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
• WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS

以下 CREATE USER 选项同样不被 TiDB 支持，且解析器不会接受：

• DEFAULT ROLE
• PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT OPTIONAL

另请参阅

• DROP USER
• SHOW CREATE USER
• ALTER USER