ADD INDEX

ALTER TABLE.. ADD INDEX 语句用于在已有表中添加一个索引。在 TiDB 中，ADD INDEX 为在线操作，不会阻塞表中的数据读写。

语法图

AlterTableStmt
         ::= 'ALTER' 'IGNORE'? 'TABLE' TableName AddIndexSpec ( ',' AddIndexSpec )*

AddIndexSpec
         ::= 'ADD' ( ( 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' | ( 'KEY' | 'INDEX' ) 'IF NOT EXISTS'? | 'UNIQUE' ( 'KEY' | 'INDEX' )? ) ( ( Identifier? 'USING' | Identifier 'TYPE' ) IndexType )? | 'FULLTEXT' ( 'KEY' | 'INDEX' )? IndexName ) '(' IndexPartSpecification ( ',' IndexPartSpecification )* ')' IndexOption*

IndexPartSpecification
         ::= ( ColumnName ( '(' LengthNum ')' )? | '(' Expression ')' ) ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' )

IndexOption
         ::= 'KEY_BLOCK_SIZE' '='? LengthNum
           | IndexType
           | 'WITH' 'PARSER' Identifier
           | 'COMMENT' stringLit
           | 'VISIBLE'
           | 'INVISIBLE'

IndexType
         ::= 'BTREE'
           | 'HASH'
           | 'RTREE'

示例

CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, c1 INT NOT NULL);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;

+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| id                      | estRows  | task      | access object | operator info                  |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| TableReader_7           | 10.00    | root      |               | data:Selection_6               |
| └─Selection_6           | 10.00    | cop[tikv] |               | eq(test.t1.c1, 3)              |
|   └─TableFullScan_5     | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t1      | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX (c1);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;

+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| id                     | estRows | task      | access object          | operator info                               |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| IndexReader_6          | 0.01    | root      |                        | index:IndexRangeScan_5                      |
| └─IndexRangeScan_5     | 0.01    | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:c1(c1) | range:[3,3], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

• 不支持 FULLTEXT，HASH 和 SPATIAL 索引。
• 不支持降序索引（类似于 MySQL 5.7）。
• 目前尚不支持在一条中同时添加多个索引。
• 无法向表中添加 CLUSTERED 类型的 PRIMARY KEY。要了解关于 CLUSTERED 主键的详细信息，请参考聚簇索引。

另请参阅

• 索引的选择
• 错误索引的解决方案
• CREATE INDEX
• DROP INDEX
• RENAME INDEX
• ALTER INDEX
• ADD COLUMN
• CREATE TABLE
• EXPLAIN