CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING

CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING 语句用于在 TiDB 中创建新的执行计划绑定。绑定可用于将优化器 Hint 插入语句中,而无需更改底层查询。

BINDING 语句可以在 GLOBAL 或者 SESSION 作用域内创建执行计划绑定。在不指定作用域时,默认的作用域为 SESSION

被绑定的 SQL 语句会被参数化后存储到系统表中。在处理 SQL 查询时,只要参数化后的 SQL 语句和系统表中某个被绑定的 SQL 语句一致,并且系统变量 tidb_use_plan_baselines 的值为 ON(其默认值为 ON),即可使用相应的优化器 Hint。如果存在多个可匹配的执行计划,优化器会从中选择代价最小的一个进行绑定。更多信息,请参考创建绑定

语法图

CreateBindingStmt
CREATEGlobalScopeBINDINGFORBindableStmtUSINGBindableStmtFROMHISTORYUSINGPLANDIGESTPlanDigest
GlobalScope
GLOBALSESSION
BindableStmt
SelectStmtUpdateStmtInsertIntoStmtReplaceIntoStmtDeleteStmt

示例

你可以根据 SQL 或历史执行计划创建绑定。

下面的示例演示如何根据 SQL 创建绑定。

CREATE TABLE t1 ( id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, b INT NOT NULL, pad VARBINARY(255), INDEX(b) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM dual; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 1000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 100000 rows affected (1.74 sec) Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.15 sec) Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000; Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.64 sec) Records: 100000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 SELECT SLEEP(1); +----------+ | SLEEP(1) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (1.00 sec) ANALYZE TABLE t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.33 sec) EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123; +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ | id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk | +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ | IndexLookUp_10 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:10.545072ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:398.359µs, proc keys:297 | | 109.1484375 KB | N/A | | ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4 | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A | N/A | | └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:12ms, loops:4 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A | +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) CREATE SESSION BINDING FOR SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123 USING SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123; +-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+ | id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk | +-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+ | TableReader_7 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:222.32506ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:222.078952ms, proc keys:301010 | data:Selection_6 | 88.6640625 KB | N/A | | └─Selection_6 | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | | time:224ms, loops:298 | eq(test.t1.b, 123) | N/A | N/A | | └─TableFullScan_5 | 301010.00 | 301010 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:220ms, loops:298 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A | +-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.22 sec) SHOW SESSION BINDINGS\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Original_sql: select * from t1 where b = ? Bind_sql: SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123 Default_db: test Status: using Create_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456 Update_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456 Charset: utf8mb4 Collation: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 1 row in set (0.00 sec) DROP SESSION BINDING FOR SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123; +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ | id | estRows | actRows | task | access object | execution info | operator info | memory | disk | +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ | IndexLookUp_10 | 583.00 | 297 | root | | time:5.31206ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:665.927µs, proc keys:297 | | 109.1484375 KB | N/A | | ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4 | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A | N/A | | └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe) | 583.00 | 297 | cop[tikv] | table:t1 | time:0s, loops:4 | keep order:false | N/A | N/A | +-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

下面的示例演示如何根据历史执行计划创建绑定。

mysql> CREATE TABLE t(id INT PRIMARY KEY , a INT, KEY(a)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> SELECT /*+ IGNORE_INDEX(t, a) */ * FROM t WHERE a = 1; Empty set (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT plan_digest FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATEMENTS_SUMMARY WHERE QUERY_SAMPLE_TEXT = 'SELECT /*+ IGNORE_INDEX(t, a) */ * FROM t WHERE a = 1'; +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | plan_digest | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 4e3159169cc63c14b139a4e7d72eae1759875c9a9581f94bb2079aae961189cb | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> CREATE BINDING FROM HISTORY USING PLAN DIGEST '4e3159169cc63c14b139a4e7d72eae1759875c9a9581f94bb2079aae961189cb'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM t WHERE a = 1; Empty set (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING; +--------------------------+ | @@LAST_PLAN_FROM_BINDING | +--------------------------+ | 1 | +--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING 语句是 TiDB 对 MySQL 语法的扩展。

另请参阅

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