COLUMNS

The COLUMNS table provides detailed information about columns in tables.

USE INFORMATION_SCHEMA; DESC COLUMNS;

The output is as follows:

+--------------------------+---------------+------+------+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------------------+---------------+------+------+---------+-------+ | TABLE_CATALOG | varchar(512) | YES | | NULL | | | TABLE_SCHEMA | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | | | TABLE_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | | | COLUMN_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | | | ORDINAL_POSITION | bigint(64) | YES | | NULL | | | COLUMN_DEFAULT | text | YES | | NULL | | | IS_NULLABLE | varchar(3) | YES | | NULL | | | DATA_TYPE | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | | | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | | | CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | | | NUMERIC_PRECISION | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | | | NUMERIC_SCALE | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | | | DATETIME_PRECISION | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | | | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | COLLATION_NAME | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | COLUMN_TYPE | text | YES | | NULL | | | COLUMN_KEY | varchar(3) | YES | | NULL | | | EXTRA | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | PRIVILEGES | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | | | COLUMN_COMMENT | varchar(1024) | YES | | NULL | | | GENERATION_EXPRESSION | text | NO | | NULL | | +--------------------------+---------------+------+------+---------+-------+ 21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Create a table test.t1 and query the information in the COLUMNS table:

CREATE TABLE test.t1 (a int); SELECT * FROM COLUMNS WHERE table_schema='test' AND TABLE_NAME='t1'\G

The output is as follows:

*************************** 1. row *************************** TABLE_CATALOG: def TABLE_SCHEMA: test TABLE_NAME: t1 COLUMN_NAME: a ORDINAL_POSITION: 1 COLUMN_DEFAULT: NULL IS_NULLABLE: YES DATA_TYPE: int CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: NULL CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: NULL NUMERIC_PRECISION: 11 NUMERIC_SCALE: 0 DATETIME_PRECISION: NULL CHARACTER_SET_NAME: NULL COLLATION_NAME: NULL COLUMN_TYPE: int(11) COLUMN_KEY: EXTRA: PRIVILEGES: select,insert,update,references COLUMN_COMMENT: GENERATION_EXPRESSION: 1 row in set (0.02 sec)

The description of columns in the COLUMNS table is as follows:

  • TABLE_CATALOG: The name of the catalog to which the table with the column belongs. The value is always def.
  • TABLE_SCHEMA: The name of the schema in which the table with the column is located.
  • TABLE_NAME: The name of the table with the column.
  • COLUMN_NAME: The name of the column.
  • ORDINAL_POSITION: The position of the column in the table.
  • COLUMN_DEFAULT: The default value of the column. If the explicit default value is NULL, or if the column definition does not include the default clause, this value is NULL.
  • IS_NULLABLE: Whether the column is nullable. If the column can store null values, this value is YES; otherwise, it is NO.
  • DATA_TYPE: The type of data in the column.
  • CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: For string columns, the maximum length in characters.
  • CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: For string columns, the maximum length in bytes.
  • NUMERIC_PRECISION: The numeric precision of a number-type column.
  • NUMERIC_SCALE: The numeric scale of a number-type column.
  • DATETIME_PRECISION: For time-type columns, the fractional seconds precision.
  • CHARACTER_SET_NAME: The name of the character set of a string column.
  • COLLATION_NAME: The name of the collation of a string column.
  • COLUMN_TYPE: The column type.
  • COLUMN_KEY: Whether this column is indexed. This field might have the following values:
    • Empty: This column is not indexed, or this column is indexed and is the second column in a multi-column non-unique index.
    • PRI: This column is the primary key or one of multiple primary keys.
    • UNI: This column is the first column of the unique index.
    • MUL: The column is the first column of a non-unique index, in which a given value is allowed to occur for multiple times.
  • EXTRA: Any additional information of the given column.
  • PRIVILEGES: The privilege that the current user has on this column. Currently, this value is fixed in TiDB, and is always select,insert,update,references.
  • COLUMN_COMMENT: Comments contained in the column definition.
  • GENERATION_EXPRESSION: For generated columns, this value displays the expression used to calculate the column value. For non-generated columns, the value is empty.

The corresponding SHOW statement is as follows:

SHOW COLUMNS FROM t1 FROM test;

The output is as follows:

+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+ | a | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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