搜索 JSON 值的 JSON 函数
本文档介绍用于搜索 JSON 值的 JSON 函数。
JSON_CONTAINS()
通过返回 1
或 0
,JSON_CONTAINS(json_doc, candidate [,path])
函数用于确认指定的 JSON 文档 candidate
是否包含在目标 JSON 文档中。
示例:
下面示例中,a
包含在了目标文档中。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS('["a","b","c"]','"a"');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS('["a","b","c"]','"a"') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面示例中,a
没有包含在目标文档中。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS('["a","b","c"]','"e"');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS('["a","b","c"]','"e"') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面示例中,{"foo": "bar"}
包含在了目标文档中。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','{"foo": "bar"}');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','{"foo": "bar"}') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面示例中,"bar"
没有包含在目标文档的根目录中。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','"bar"');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','"bar"') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面示例中,"bar"
包含在了目标文档的 $.foo
属性中。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','"bar"', '$.foo');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','"bar"', '$.foo') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH()
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc,all_or_one,path [,path, ...])
函数返回 0
或 1
,表示 JSON 文档是否包含指定路径下的数据。
示例:
下面的示例文档中包含 $.foo
。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.foo');
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.foo') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面的示例文档中没有包含 $.bar
。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.bar');
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.bar') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面的示例文档中包含了 $.foo
和 $.aaa
。
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.foo', '$.aaa');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}','all','$.foo', '$.aaa') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_EXTRACT()
JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] ...)
函数从 JSON 文档中提取与 path
参数匹配的数据。
SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}', '$.foo');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_EXTRACT('{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}', '$.foo') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| "bar" |
+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
->
column->path
函数返回 column
中与 path
参数匹配的数据。该函数是 JSON_EXTRACT()
的别名。
SELECT
j->'$.foo',
JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo')
FROM (
SELECT
'{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}' AS j
) AS tbl;
+------------+--------------------------+
| j->'$.foo' | JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo') |
+------------+--------------------------+
| "bar" | "bar" |
+------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
->>
column->>path
函数去掉 column
中与 path
参数匹配的数据的引号。它是 JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT(doc,path_literal))
的别名。
SELECT
j->'$.foo',
JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo')
j->>'$.foo',
JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo'))
FROM (
SELECT
'{"foo": "bar", "aaa": 5}' AS j
) AS tbl;
+------------+--------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------+
| j->'$.foo' | JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo') | j->>'$.foo' | JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.foo')) |
+------------+--------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------+
| "bar" | "bar" | bar | bar |
+------------+--------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_KEYS()
JSON_KEYS(json_doc [,path])
函数以 JSON 数组的形式返回 JSON 对象的顶层键 (key)。如果指定了 path
参数,则返回所选路径的顶层键 (key)。
示例:
下面示例返回了 JSON 文档中的两个顶层键。
SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"name": {"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}, "type": "Person"}');
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"name": {"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}, "type": "Person"}') |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ["name", "type"] |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面示例返回了 JSON 文档的 $.name
路径中的顶层键。
SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"name": {"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}, "type": "Person"}', '$.name');
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"name": {"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}, "type": "Person"}', '$.name') |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ["first", "last"] |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_SEARCH()
JSON_SEARCH(json_doc,one_or_all,str)
函数会在 JSON 文档中搜索与字符串匹配的一个或所有的匹配项。
示例:
在下面的示例中,搜索 cc
的第一个结果,它在 a
数组中索引为 2 的位置。
SELECT JSON_SEARCH('{"a": ["aa", "bb", "cc"], "b": ["cc", "dd"]}','one','cc');
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH('{"a": ["aa", "bb", "cc"], "b": ["cc", "dd"]}','one','cc') |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "$.a[2]" |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
现在执行和上个示例类似的操作,但将 one_or_all
设置为 all
。这将获取全部搜索结果,而不仅仅是第一个结果。
SELECT JSON_SEARCH('{"a": ["aa", "bb", "cc"], "b": ["cc", "dd"]}','all','cc');
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH('{"a": ["aa", "bb", "cc"], "b": ["cc", "dd"]}','all','cc') |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ["$.a[2]", "$.b[0]"] |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
MEMBER OF()
str MEMBER OF (json_array)
函数测试传入的 str
值是否是 json_array
的元素,如果是则返回 1
,否则返回 0
。如果任一参数为 NULL
,则返回 NULL
。
SELECT '🍍' MEMBER OF ('["🍍","🥥","🥭"]') AS 'Contains pineapple';
+--------------------+
| Contains pineapple |
+--------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_OVERLAPS()
JSON_OVERLAPS(json_doc, json_doc)
函数检查两个 JSON 文档是否有重叠部分。如果有重叠,则返回 1
,如果没有重叠,则返回 0
。如果任一参数为 NULL
,则返回 NULL
。
示例:
下面的示例显示没有重叠,因为数组值的元素数量不一样。
SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS(
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust","C#"]}',
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust"]}'
) AS 'Overlaps';
+----------+
| Overlaps |
+----------+
| 0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面的示例显示两个 JSON 文档重叠,因为它们完全相同。
SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS(
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust","C#"]}',
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust","C#"]}'
) AS 'Overlaps';
+----------+
| Overlaps |
+----------+
| 1 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下面的示例显示存在重叠,而第二个文件有一个额外的属性。
SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS(
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust","C#"]}',
'{"languages": ["Go","Rust","C#"], "arch": ["arm64"]}'
) AS 'Overlaps';
+----------+
| Overlaps |
+----------+
| 1 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)