TiKV Control User Guide
TiKV Control (tikv-ctl) is a command line tool of TiKV, used to manage the cluster. Its installation directory is as follows:
- If the cluster is deployed using TiUP,
tikv-ctldirectory is in the in~/.tiup/components/ctl/{VERSION}/directory.
Use TiKV Control in TiUP
tikv-ctl is also integrated in the tiup command. Execute the following command to call the tikv-ctl tool:
tiup ctl:<cluster-version> tikv
Starting component `ctl`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/ctl/v4.0.8/ctl tikv
TiKV Control (tikv-ctl)
Release Version: 4.0.8
Edition: Community
Git Commit Hash: 83091173e960e5a0f5f417e921a0801d2f6635ae
Git Commit Branch: heads/refs/tags/v4.0.8
UTC Build Time: 2020-10-30 08:40:33
Rust Version: rustc 1.42.0-nightly (0de96d37f 2019-12-19)
Enable Features: jemalloc mem-profiling portable sse protobuf-codec
Profile: dist_release
A tool for interacting with TiKV deployments.
USAGE:
TiKV Control (tikv-ctl) [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
FLAGS:
-h, --help Prints help information
--skip-paranoid-checks Skip paranoid checks when open rocksdb
-V, --version Prints version information
OPTIONS:
--ca-path <ca_path> Set the CA certificate path
--cert-path <cert_path> Set the certificate path
--config <config> Set the config for rocksdb
--db <db> Set the rocksdb path
--decode <decode> Decode a key in escaped format
--encode <encode> Encode a key in escaped format
--to-hex <escaped-to-hex> Convert an escaped key to hex key
--to-escaped <hex-to-escaped> Convert a hex key to escaped key
--host <host> Set the remote host
--key-path <key_path> Set the private key path
--pd <pd> Set the address of pd
--raftdb <raftdb> Set the raft rocksdb path
SUBCOMMANDS:
bad-regions Get all regions with corrupt raft
cluster Print the cluster id
compact Compact a column family in a specified range
compact-cluster Compact the whole cluster in a specified range in one or more column families
consistency-check Force a consistency-check for a specified region
decrypt-file Decrypt an encrypted file
diff Calculate difference of region keys from different dbs
dump-snap-meta Dump snapshot meta file
encryption-meta Dump encryption metadata
fail Inject failures to TiKV and recovery
help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
metrics Print the metrics
modify-tikv-config Modify tikv config, eg. tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n
rocksdb.defaultcf.disable-auto-compactions -v true
mvcc Print the mvcc value
print Print the raw value
raft Print a raft log entry
raw-scan Print all raw keys in the range
recover-mvcc Recover mvcc data on one node by deleting corrupted keys
recreate-region Recreate a region with given metadata, but alloc new id for it
region-properties Show region properties
scan Print the range db range
size Print region size
split-region Split the region
store Print the store id
tombstone Set some regions on the node to tombstone by manual
unsafe-recover Unsafely recover the cluster when the majority replicas are failed
You can add corresponding parameters and subcommands after tiup ctl:<cluster-version> tikv.
General options
tikv-ctl provides two operation modes:
Remote mode: use the
--hostoption to accept the service address of TiKV as the argumentFor this mode, if SSL is enabled in TiKV,
tikv-ctlalso needs to specify the related certificate file. For example:$ tikv-ctl --ca-path ca.pem --cert-path client.pem --key-path client-key.pem --host 127.0.0.1:20160 <subcommands>However, sometimes
tikv-ctlcommunicates with PD instead of TiKV. In this case, you need to use the--pdoption instead of--host. Here is an example:$ tikv-ctl --pd 127.0.0.1:2379 compact-cluster store:"127.0.0.1:20160" compact db:KV cf:default range:([], []) success!Local mode: Use the
--dboption to specify the local TiKV data directory path. In this mode, you need to stop the running TiKV instance.
Unless otherwise noted, all commands support both the remote mode and the local mode.
Additionally, tikv-ctl has two simple commands --to-hex and --to-escaped, which are used to make simple changes to the form of the key.
Generally, use the escaped form of the key. For example:
$ tikv-ctl --to-escaped 0xaaff
\252\377
$ tikv-ctl --to-hex "\252\377"
AAFF
Subcommands, some options and flags
This section describes the subcommands that tikv-ctl supports in detail. Some subcommands support a lot of options. For all details, run tikv-ctl --help <subcommand>.
View information of the Raft state machine
Use the raft subcommand to view the status of the Raft state machine at a specific moment. The status information includes two parts: three structs (RegionLocalState, RaftLocalState, and RegionApplyState) and the corresponding Entries of a certain piece of log.
Use the region and log subcommands to obtain the above information respectively. The two subcommands both support the remote mode and the local mode at the same time. Their usage and output are as follows:
$ tikv-ctl --host 127.0.0.1:20160 raft region -r 2
region id: 2
region state key: \001\003\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002\001
region state: Some(region {id: 2 region_epoch {conf_ver: 3 version: 1} peers {id: 3 store_id: 1} peers {id: 5 store_id: 4} peers {id: 7 store_id: 6}})
raft state key: \001\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002\002
raft state: Some(hard_state {term: 307 vote: 5 commit: 314617} last_index: 314617)
apply state key: \001\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002\003
apply state: Some(applied_index: 314617 truncated_state {index: 313474 term: 151})
View the Region size
Use the size command to view the Region size:
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv size -r 2
region id: 2
cf default region size: 799.703 MB
cf write region size: 41.250 MB
cf lock region size: 27616
Scan to view MVCC of a specific range
The --from and --to options of the scan command accept two escaped forms of raw key, and use the --show-cf flag to specify the column families that you need to view.
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv scan --from 'zm' --limit 2 --show-cf lock,default,write
key: zmBootstr\377a\377pKey\000\000\377\000\000\373\000\000\000\000\000\377\000\000s\000\000\000\000\000\372
write cf value: start_ts: 399650102814441473 commit_ts: 399650102814441475 short_value: "20"
key: zmDB:29\000\000\377\000\374\000\000\000\000\000\000\377\000H\000\000\000\000\000\000\371
write cf value: start_ts: 399650105239273474 commit_ts: 399650105239273475 short_value: "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002"
write cf value: start_ts: 399650105199951882 commit_ts: 399650105213059076 short_value: "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\001"
View MVCC of a given key
Similar to the scan command, the mvcc command can be used to view MVCC of a given key.
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv mvcc -k "zmDB:29\000\000\377\000\374\000\000\000\000\000\000\377\000H\000\000\000\000\000\000\371" --show-cf=lock,write,default
key: zmDB:29\000\000\377\000\374\000\000\000\000\000\000\377\000H\000\000\000\000\000\000\371
write cf value: start_ts: 399650105239273474 commit_ts: 399650105239273475 short_value: "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002"
write cf value: start_ts: 399650105199951882 commit_ts: 399650105213059076 short_value: "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\001"
In this command, the key is also the escaped form of raw key.
Scan raw keys
The raw-scan command scans directly from the RocksDB. Note that to scan data keys you need to add a 'z' prefix to keys.
Use --from and --to options to specify the range to scan (unbounded by default). Use --limit to limit at most how many keys to print out (30 by default). Use --cf to specify which cf to scan (can be default, write or lock).
$ ./tikv-ctl --data-dir /var/lib/tikv raw-scan --from 'zt' --limit 2 --cf default
key: "zt\200\000\000\000\000\000\000\377\005_r\200\000\000\000\000\377\000\000\001\000\000\000\000\000\372\372b2,^\033\377\364", value: "\010\002\002\002%\010\004\002\010root\010\006\002\000\010\010\t\002\010\n\t\002\010\014\t\002\010\016\t\002\010\020\t\002\010\022\t\002\010\024\t\002\010\026\t\002\010\030\t\002\010\032\t\002\010\034\t\002\010\036\t\002\010 \t\002\010\"\t\002\010s\t\002\010&\t\002\010(\t\002\010*\t\002\010,\t\002\010.\t\002\0100\t\002\0102\t\002\0104\t\002"
key: "zt\200\000\000\000\000\000\000\377\025_r\200\000\000\000\000\377\000\000\023\000\000\000\000\000\372\372b2,^\033\377\364", value: "\010\002\002&slow_query_log_file\010\004\002P/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost-slow.log"
Total scanned keys: 2
Print a specific key value
To print the value of a key, use the print command.
Print some properties about Region
In order to record Region state details, TiKV writes some statistics into the SST files of Regions. To view these properties, run tikv-ctl with the region-properties sub-command:
$ tikv-ctl --host localhost:20160 region-properties -r 2
num_files: 0
num_entries: 0
num_deletes: 0
mvcc.min_ts: 18446744073709551615
mvcc.max_ts: 0
mvcc.num_rows: 0
mvcc.num_puts: 0
mvcc.num_versions: 0
mvcc.max_row_versions: 0
middle_key_by_approximate_size:
The properties can be used to check whether the Region is healthy or not. If not, you can use them to fix the Region. For example, splitting the Region manually by middle_key_approximate_size.
Compact data of each TiKV manually
Use the compact command to manually compact data of each TiKV. If you specify the --from and --to options, then their flags are also in the form of escaped raw key.
- Use the
--hostoption to specify the TiKV that needs to perform compaction. - Use the
-doption to specify the RocksDB that performs compaction. The optional values arekvandraft. - Use the
--threadsoption allows you to specify the concurrency for the TiKV compaction and its default value is8. Generally, a higher concurrency comes with a faster compaction speed, which might yet affect the service. You need to choose an appropriate concurrency count based on your scenario. - Use the
--bottommostoption to include or exclude the bottommost files when TiKV performs compaction. The value options aredefault,skip, andforce. The default value isdefault.defaultmeans that the bottommost files are included only when the Compaction Filter feature is enabled.skipmeans that the bottommost files are excluded when TiKV performs compaction.forcemeans that the bottommost files are always included when TiKV performs compaction.
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv compact -d kv
success!
Compact data of the whole TiKV cluster manually
Use the compact-cluster command to manually compact data of the whole TiKV cluster. The flags of this command have the same meanings and usage as those of the compact command.
Set a Region to tombstone
The tombstone command is usually used in circumstances where the sync-log is not enabled, and some data written in the Raft state machine is lost caused by power down.
In a TiKV instance, you can use this command to set the status of some Regions to tombstone. Then when you restart the instance, those Regions are skipped to avoid the restart failure caused by damaged Raft state machines of those Regions. Those Regions need to have enough healthy replicas in other TiKV instances to be able to continue the reads and writes through the Raft mechanism.
In general cases, you can remove the corresponding Peer of this Region using the remove-peer command:
pd-ctl operator add remove-peer <region_id> <store_id>
Then use the tikv-ctl tool to set a Region to tombstone on the corresponding TiKV instance to skip the health check for this Region at startup:
tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv tombstone -p 127.0.0.1:2379 -r <region_id>
success!
However, in some cases, you cannot easily remove this Peer of this Region from PD, so you can specify the --force option in tikv-ctl to forcibly set the Peer to tombstone:
tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv tombstone -p 127.0.0.1:2379 -r <region_id>,<region_id> --force
success!
Send a consistency-check request to TiKV
Use the consistency-check command to execute a consistency check among replicas in the corresponding Raft of a specific Region. If the check fails, TiKV itself panics. If the TiKV instance specified by --host is not the Region leader, an error is reported.
$ tikv-ctl --host 127.0.0.1:20160 consistency-check -r 2
success!
$ tikv-ctl --host 127.0.0.1:20161 consistency-check -r 2
DebugClient::check_region_consistency: RpcFailure(RpcStatus { status: Unknown, details: Some("StringError(\"Leader is on store 1\")") })
Dump snapshot meta
This sub-command is used to parse a snapshot meta file at given path and print the result.
Print the Regions where the Raft state machine corrupts
To avoid checking the Regions while TiKV is started, you can use the tombstone command to set the Regions where the Raft state machine reports an error to Tombstone. Before running this command, use the bad-regions command to find out the Regions with errors, so as to combine multiple tools for automated processing.
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv bad-regions
all regions are healthy
If the command is successfully executed, it prints the above information. If the command fails, it prints the list of bad Regions. Currently, the errors that can be detected include the mismatches between last index, commit index and apply index, and the loss of Raft log. Other conditions like the damage of snapshot files still need further support.
View Region properties
To view in local the properties of Region 2 on the TiKV instance that is deployed in
/path/to/tikv:$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv/data region-properties -r 2To view online the properties of Region 2 on the TiKV instance that is running on
127.0.0.1:20160:$ tikv-ctl --host 127.0.0.1:20160 region-properties -r 2
Modify the TiKV configuration dynamically
You can use the modify-tikv-config command to dynamically modify the configuration arguments. Currently, the TiKV configuration items that can be dynamically modified and the detailed modification are consistent with modifying configuration using SQL statements. For details, see Modify TiKV configuration online.
-nis used to specify the full name of the configuration item. For the list of configuration items that can be modified online, see Modify TiKV configuration online.-vis used to specify the configuration value.
Set the size of shared block cache:
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n storage.block-cache.capacity -v 10GB
success
When shared block cache is disabled, set block cache size for the write CF:
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n rocksdb.writecf.block-cache-size -v 256MB
success
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n raftdb.defaultcf.disable-auto-compactions -v true
success
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n raftstore.sync-log -v false
success
When the compaction rate limit causes accumulated compaction pending bytes, disable the rate-limiter-auto-tuned mode or set a higher limit for the compaction flow:
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n rocksdb.rate-limiter-auto-tuned -v false
success
tikv-ctl --host ip:port modify-tikv-config -n rocksdb.rate-bytes-per-sec -v "1GB"
success
Force Regions to recover services from failure of multiple replicas (use with caution)
You can use the unsafe-recover remove-fail-stores command to remove the failed machines from the peer list of Regions. Before running this command, you need to stop the service of the target TiKV store to release file locks.
The -s option accepts multiple store_id separated by comma and uses the -r flag to specify involved Regions. If you need to perform this operation on all Regions in a specific store, you can simply specify --all-regions.
tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv unsafe-recover remove-fail-stores -s 3 -r 1001,1002
success!
tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv unsafe-recover remove-fail-stores -s 4,5 --all-regions
Then, after you restart TiKV, the Regions can continue providing services with the remaining healthy replicas. This command is commonly used when multiple TiKV stores are damaged or deleted.
Recover from MVCC data corruption
Use the recover-mvcc command in circumstances where TiKV cannot run normally caused by MVCC data corruption. It cross-checks 3 CFs ("default", "write", "lock") to recover from various kinds of inconsistency.
- Use the
-roption to specify involved Regions byregion_id. - Use the
-poption to specify PD endpoints.
$ tikv-ctl --data-dir /path/to/tikv recover-mvcc -r 1001,1002 -p 127.0.0.1:2379
success!
Ldb Command
The ldb command line tool offers multiple data access and database administration commands. Some examples are listed below. For more information, refer to the help message displayed when running tikv-ctl ldb or check the documents from RocksDB.
Examples of data access sequence:
To dump an existing RocksDB in HEX:
$ tikv-ctl ldb --hex --db=/tmp/db dump
To dump the manifest of an existing RocksDB:
$ tikv-ctl ldb --hex manifest_dump --path=/tmp/db/MANIFEST-000001
You can specify the column family that your query is against using the --column_family=<string> command line.
--try_load_options loads the database options file to open the database. It is recommended to always keep this option on when the database is running. If you open the database with default options, the LSM-tree might be messed up, which cannot be recovered automatically.
Dump encryption metadata
Use the encryption-meta subcommand to dump encryption metadata. The subcommand can dump two types of metadata: encryption info for data files, and the list of data encryption keys used.
To dump encryption info for data files, use the encryption-meta dump-file subcommand. You need to create a TiKV config file to specify data-dir for the TiKV deployment:
# conf.toml
[storage]
data-dir = "/path/to/tikv/data"
The --path option can be used to specify an absolute or relative path to the data file of interest. The command might give empty output if the data file is not encrypted. If --path is not provided, encryption info for all data files will be printed.
$ tikv-ctl --config=./conf.toml encryption-meta dump-file --path=/path/to/tikv/data/db/CURRENT
/path/to/tikv/data/db/CURRENT: key_id: 9291156302549018620 iv: E3C2FDBF63FC03BFC28F265D7E78283F method: Aes128Ctr
To dump data encryption keys, use the encryption-meta dump-key subcommand. In additional to data-dir, you also need to specify the current master key used in the config file. For how to config master key, refer to Encryption-At-Rest. Also with this command, the security.encryption.previous-master-key config will be ignored, and the master key rotation will not be triggered.
# conf.toml
[storage]
data-dir = "/path/to/tikv/data"
[security.encryption.master-key]
type = "kms"
key-id = "0987dcba-09fe-87dc-65ba-ab0987654321"
region = "us-west-2"
Note if the master key is a AWS KMS key, tikv-ctl needs to have access to the KMS key. Access to a AWS KMS key can be granted to tikv-ctl via environment variable, AWS default config file, or IAM role, whichever is suitable. Refer to AWS document for usage.
The --ids option can be used to specified a list of comma-separated data encryption key ids to print. If --ids is not provided, all data encryption keys will be printed, along with current key id, which is the id of the latest active data encryption key.
When using the command, you will see a prompt warning that the action will expose sensitive information. Type "I consent" to continue.
$ ./tikv-ctl --config=./conf.toml encryption-meta dump-key
This action will expose encryption key(s) as plaintext. Do not output the result in file on disk.
Type "I consent" to continue, anything else to exit: I consent
current key id: 9291156302549018620
9291156302549018620: key: 8B6B6B8F83D36BE2467ED55D72AE808B method: Aes128Ctr creation_time: 1592938357
$ ./tikv-ctl --config=./conf.toml encryption-meta dump-key --ids=9291156302549018620
This action will expose encryption key(s) as plaintext. Do not output the result in file on disk.
Type "I consent" to continue, anything else to exit: I consent
9291156302549018620: key: 8B6B6B8F83D36BE2467ED55D72AE808B method: Aes128Ctr creation_time: 1592938357
Print information related to damaged SST files
Damaged SST files in TiKV might cause the TiKV process to panic. To clean up the damaged SST files, you will need the information of these files. To get the information, you can execute the bad-ssts command in TiKV Control. The needed information is shown in the output. The following is an example command and output.
tikv-ctl --data-dir </path/to/tikv> bad-ssts --pd <endpoint>
--------------------------------------------------------
corruption info:
data/tikv-21107/db/000014.sst: Corruption: Bad table magic number: expected 9863518390377041911, found 759105309091689679 in data/tikv-21107/db/000014.sst
sst meta:
14:552997[1 .. 5520]['0101' seq:1, type:1 .. '7A7480000000000000FF0F5F728000000000FF0002160000000000FAFA13AB33020BFFFA' seq:2032, type:1] at level 0 for Column family "default" (ID 0)
it isn't easy to handle local data, start key:0101
overlap region:
RegionInfo { region: id: 4 end_key: 7480000000000000FF0500000000000000F8 region_epoch { conf_ver: 1 version: 2 } peers { id: 5 store_id: 1 }, leader: Some(id: 5 store_id: 1) }
suggested operations:
tikv-ctl ldb --db=data/tikv-21107/db unsafe_remove_sst_file "data/tikv-21107/db/000014.sst"
tikv-ctl --db=data/tikv-21107/db tombstone -r 4 --pd <endpoint>
--------------------------------------------------------
corruption analysis has completed
From the output above, you can see that the information of the damaged SST file is printed first and then the meta-information is printed.
- In the
sst metapart,14means the SST file number;552997means the file size, followed by the smallest and largest sequence numbers and other meta-information. - The
overlap regionpart shows the information of the Region involved. This information is obtained through the PD server. - The
suggested operationspart provides you suggestion to clean up the damaged SST file. You can take the suggestion to clean up files and restart the TiKV instance.