关键字

本文介绍 TiDB 的关键字，对保留字和非保留字作出区分，并汇总所有的关键字以供查询使用。

关键字是 SQL 语句中具有特殊含义的单词，例如 SELECT，UPDATE，DELETE 等等。它们之中有的能够直接作为标识符，被称为非保留关键字（简称非保留字），但有需要经过特殊处理才能作为标识符的字，被称为保留关键字（简称保留字）。

对于保留字，必须使用反引号包裹，才能作为标识符被使用。例如：

CREATE TABLE select (a INT);

ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)

CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

而非保留字则不需要反引号也能直接作为标识符。例如 BEGIN 和 END 是非保留字，以下语句能够正常执行：

CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

有一种特殊情况，如果使用了限定符 .，那么也不需要用反引号：

CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

下表列出了 TiDB 中所有的关键字。其中保留字用 (R) 来标识。窗口函数的保留字用 (R-Window) 来标识：

ACCOUNT
ACTION
ADD (R)
ADMIN (R)
ADVISE
AFTER
AGAINST
AGO
ALGORITHM
ALL (R)
ALTER (R)
ALWAYS
ANALYZE (R)
AND (R)
ANY
AS (R)
ASC (R)
ASCII
AUTO_ID_CACHE
AUTO_INCREMENT
AUTO_RANDOM
AUTO_RANDOM_BASE
AVG
AVG_ROW_LENGTH

BACKEND
BACKUP
BACKUPS
BEGIN
BETWEEN (R)
BIGINT (R)
BINARY (R)
BINDING
BINDINGS
BINLOG
BIT
BLOB (R)
BLOCK
BOOL
BOOLEAN
BOTH (R)
BTREE
BUCKETS (R)
BUILTINS (R)
BY (R)
BYTE

ELSE (R)
ENABLE
ENCLOSED (R)
ENCRYPTION
END
ENFORCED
ENGINE
ENGINES
ENUM
ERROR
ERRORS
ESCAPE
ESCAPED (R)
EVENT
EVENTS
EVOLVE
EXCEPT (R)
EXCHANGE
EXCLUSIVE
EXECUTE
EXISTS (R)
EXPANSION
EXPIRE
EXPLAIN (R)
EXTENDED

FALSE (R)
FAULTS
FIELDS
FILE
FIRST
FIRST_VALUE (R-Window)
FIXED
FLOAT (R)
FLUSH
FOLLOWING
FOR (R)
FORCE (R)
FOREIGN (R)
FORMAT
FROM (R)
FULL
FULLTEXT (R)
FUNCTION

GENERAL
GENERATED (R)
GLOBAL
GRANT (R)
GRANTS
GROUP (R)
GROUPS (R-Window)

HASH
HAVING (R)
HIGH_PRIORITY (R)
HISTORY
HOSTS
HOUR
HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)
HOUR_MINUTE (R)
HOUR_SECOND (R)

JOB (R)
JOBS (R)
JOIN (R)
JSON

KEY (R)
KEYS (R)
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
KILL (R)

LABELS
LAG (R-Window)
LANGUAGE
LAST
LASTVAL
LAST_BACKUP
LAST_VALUE (R-Window)
LEAD (R-Window)
LEADING (R)
LEFT (R)
LESS
LEVEL
LIKE (R)
LIMIT (R)
LINEAR (R)
LINES (R)
LIST
LOAD (R)
LOCAL
LOCALTIME (R)
LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)
LOCATION
LOCK (R)
LOGS
LONG (R)
LONGBLOB (R)
LONGTEXT (R)
LOW_PRIORITY (R)

MASTER
MATCH (R)
MAXVALUE (R)
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR
MAX_IDXNUM
MAX_MINUTES
MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
MAX_ROWS
MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS
MB
MEDIUMBLOB (R)
MEDIUMINT (R)
MEDIUMTEXT (R)
MEMORY
MERGE
MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)
MINUTE_SECOND (R)
MINVALUE
MIN_ROWS
MOD (R)
MODE
MODIFY
MONTH

NAMES
NATIONAL
NATURAL (R)
NCHAR
NEVER
NEXT
NEXTVAL
NO
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE
NODEGROUP
NODE_ID (R)
NODE_STATE (R)
NOMAXVALUE
NOMINVALUE
NONE
NOT (R)
NOWAIT
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
NTH_VALUE (R-Window)
NTILE (R-Window)
NULL (R)
NULLS
NUMERIC (R)
NVARCHAR

OFFSET
ON (R)
ONLINE
ONLY
ON_DUPLICATE
OPEN
OPTIMISTIC (R)
OPTIMIZE (R)
OPTION (R)
OPTIONALLY (R)
OR (R)
ORDER (R)
OUTER (R)
OUTFILE (R)
OVER (R-Window)

PACK_KEYS
PAGE
PARSER
PARTIAL
PARTITION (R)
PARTITIONING
PARTITIONS
PASSWORD
PERCENT_RANK (R-Window)
PER_DB
PER_TABLE
PESSIMISTIC (R)
PLUGINS
PRECEDING
PRECISION (R)
PREPARE
PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS
PRIMARY (R)
PRIVILEGES
PROCEDURE (R)
PROCESS
PROCESSLIST
PROFILE
PROFILES
PUMP (R)

QUARTER
QUERIES
QUERY
QUICK

TABLE (R)
TABLES
TABLESPACE
TABLE_CHECKSUM
TEMPORARY
TEMPTABLE
TERMINATED (R)
TEXT
THAN
THEN (R)
TIDB (R)
TIFLASH (R)
TIKV_IMPORTER
TIME
TIMESTAMP
TINYBLOB (R)
TINYINT (R)
TINYTEXT (R)
TO (R)
TOPN (R)
TRACE
TRADITIONAL
TRAILING (R)
TRANSACTION
TRIGGER (R)
TRIGGERS
TRUE (R)
TRUNCATE
TYPE

UNBOUNDED
UNCOMMITTED
UNDEFINED
UNICODE
UNION (R)
UNIQUE (R)
UNKNOWN
UNLOCK (R)
UNSIGNED (R)
UPDATE (R)
USAGE (R)
USE (R)
USER
USING (R)
UTC_DATE (R)
UTC_TIME (R)
UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)

VALIDATION
VALUE
VALUES (R)
VARBINARY (R)
VARCHAR (R)
VARCHARACTER (R)
VARIABLES
VARYING (R)
VIEW
VIRTUAL (R)
VISIBLE

WARNINGS
WEEK
WEIGHT_STRING
WHEN (R)
WHERE (R)
WIDTH (R)
WINDOW (R-Window)
WITH (R)
WITHOUT
WRITE (R)

X509
XOR (R)

YEAR
YEAR_MONTH (R)

ZEROFILL (R)

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