连接器和 API
数据库连接器为客户端提供了连接数据库服务端的方式，APIs 提供了使用 MySQL 协议和资源的底层接口。无论是连接器还是 API，都可以用来在不同的语言和环境内连接服务器并执行 sql 语句，包括 odbc、java(jdbc)、Perl、Python、PHP、Ruby 和 C。
TiDB 兼容 MySQL(5.6, 5.7) 的所有连接器和 API，包括：
- MySQL Connector/C++
- MySQL Connector/J
- MySQL Connector/Net
- MySQL Connector/ODBC
- MySQL Connector/Python
- MySQL C API
- MySQL PHP API
- MySQL Perl API
- MySQL Python API
- MySQL Ruby APIs
- MySQL Tcl API
- MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
- Mysql Go API
使用 MySQL 连接器连接 TiDB
Oracle 官方提供了以下 API，TiDB 可以兼容所有这些 API。
- MySQL Connector/C++：C++ 语言的客户端库
- MySQL Connector/J：Java 语言的客户端库，基于标准 JDBC 接口
- MySQL Connector/Net：.Net 语言的客户端库，MySQL for Visual Studio使用这个库，支持 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012，2013，2015和2017版本
- MySQL Connector/ODBC：标准的 ODBC 接口，支持 Windows，Unix 和 OS X
- MySQL Connector/Python：Python 语言的客户端包，和 Python DB API version 2.0 一致
使用 MySQL C API 连接 TiDB
如果使用 C 语言程序直接连接 TiDB，可以直接链接 libmysqlclient 库，使用 MySQL 的 C API，这是最主要的一种 C 语言连接方式，被各种客户端和 API 广泛使用，包括 Connector/C。
使用 MySQL 第三方 API 连接 TiDB
第三方 API 非 Oracle 官方提供，下表列出了常用的第三方 API：
| Environment | API | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ada | GNU Ada MySQL Bindings | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Bindings for GNU Ada |
| C | C API | libmysqlclient | See MySQL C API. |
| C++ | Connector/C++ | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Connector/C++ Developer Guide. |
| MySQL++ | libmysqlclient | See MySQL++ Web site. | |
| MySQL wrapped | libmysqlclient | See MySQL wrapped. | |
| Go | go-sql-driver | Native Driver | See Mysql Go API |
| Cocoa | MySQL-Cocoa | libmysqlclient | Compatible with the Objective-C Cocoa environment. See http://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/ |
| D | MySQL for D | libmysqlclient | See MySQL for D. |
| Eiffel | Eiffel MySQL | libmysqlclient | See Section 27.14, “MySQL Eiffel Wrapper”. |
| Erlang | erlang-mysql-driver | libmysqlclient | See erlang-mysql-driver. |
| Haskell | Haskell MySQL Bindings | Native Driver | See Brian O'Sullivan's pure Haskell MySQL bindings. |
hsql-mysql | libmysqlclient | See MySQL driver for Haskell. | |
| Java/JDBC | Connector/J | Native Driver | See MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide. |
| Lua | LuaSQL | libmysqlclient | See LuaSQL. |
| .NET/Mono | Connector/Net | Native Driver | See MySQL Connector/Net Developer Guide. |
| Objective Caml | OBjective Caml MySQL Bindings | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Bindings for Objective Caml. |
| Octave | Database bindings for GNU Octave | libmysqlclient | See Database bindings for GNU Octave. |
| ODBC | Connector/ODBC | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Connector/ODBC Developer Guide. |
| Perl | DBI/DBD::mysql | libmysqlclient | See Section 27.10, “MySQL Perl API”. |
Net::MySQL | Native Driver | See Net::MySQL at CPAN | |
| PHP | mysql, ext/mysqlinterface (deprecated) | libmysqlclient | See Original MySQL API. |
mysqli, ext/mysqliinterface | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Improved Extension. | |
PDO_MYSQL | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL). | |
| PDO mysqlnd | Native Driver | ||
| Python | Connector/Python | Native Driver | See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide. |
| Python | Connector/Python C Extension | libmysqlclient | See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide. |
| MySQLdb | libmysqlclient | See Section 27.11, “MySQL Python API”. | |
| Ruby | MySQL/Ruby | libmysqlclient | Uses libmysqlclient. See Section 27.12.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”. |
| Ruby/MySQL | Native Driver | See Section 27.12.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”. | |
| Scheme | Myscsh | libmysqlclient | See Myscsh. |
| SPL | sql_mysql | libmysqlclient | See sql_mysql for SPL. |
| Tcl | MySQLtcl | libmysqlclient | See Section 27.13, “MySQL Tcl API”. |
TiDB 支持的连接器版本
| Connector | Connector version |
|---|---|
| Connector/C | 6.1.0 GA |
| Connector/C++ | 1.0.5 GA |
| Connector/J | 5.1.8 |
| Connector/Net | 6.9.9 GA |
| Connector/Net | 6.8.8 GA |
| Connector/ODBC | 5.1 |
| Connector/ODBC | 3.51 (Unicode not supported) |
| Connector/Python | 2.0 |
| Connector/Python | 1.2 |
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