- 关于 TiDB
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- SQL
- 与 MySQL 兼容性对比
- SQL 语言结构
- 数据类型
- 函数与操作符
- SQL 语句
ADD COLUMN
ADD INDEX
ADMIN
ADMIN CANCEL DDL
ADMIN CHECKSUM TABLE
ADMIN CHECK [TABLE|INDEX]
ADMIN SHOW DDL [JOBS|QUERIES]
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER TABLE
ALTER USER
ANALYZE TABLE
BEGIN
CHANGE COLUMN
COMMIT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE LIKE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE USER
DEALLOCATE
DELETE
DESC
DESCRIBE
DO
DROP COLUMN
DROP DATABASE
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
DROP USER
EXECUTE
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
EXPLAIN
FLUSH PRIVILEGES
FLUSH STATUS
FLUSH TABLES
GRANT <privileges>
INSERT
KILL [TIDB]
LOAD DATA
LOAD STATS
MODIFY COLUMN
PREPARE
RENAME INDEX
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
REVOKE <privileges>
ROLLBACK
SELECT
SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET]
SET PASSWORD
SET TRANSACTION
SET [GLOBAL|SESSION] <variable>
SHOW CHARACTER SET
SHOW COLLATION
SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM
SHOW CREATE TABLE
SHOW DATABASES
SHOW ENGINES
SHOW ERRORS
SHOW [FULL] FIELDS FROM
SHOW GRANTS
SHOW INDEXES [FROM|IN]
SHOW INDEX [FROM|IN]
SHOW KEYS [FROM|IN]
SHOW PRIVILEGES
SHOW [FULL] PROCESSSLIST
SHOW SCHEMAS
SHOW STATUS
SHOW [FULL] TABLES
SHOW TABLE STATUS
SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] VARIABLES
SHOW WARNINGS
START TRANSACTION
TRACE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
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重要
你正在查看 TiDB 数据库的较旧版本 (TiDB v2.1) 的文档。
如无特殊需求,建议使用 TiDB 数据库的最新 LTS 版本。
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE
语句用于对已有表进行修改,以符合新表结构。ALTER TABLE
语句可用于:
语法图
- AlterTableStmt
- TableName
- AlterTableSpec
AlterTableStmt ::=
'ALTER' IgnoreOptional 'TABLE' TableName ( AlterTableSpecListOpt AlterTablePartitionOpt | 'ANALYZE' 'PARTITION' PartitionNameList ( 'INDEX' IndexNameList )? AnalyzeOptionListOpt )
TableName ::=
Identifier ('.' Identifier)?
AlterTableSpec ::=
TableOptionList
| 'SET' 'TIFLASH' 'REPLICA' LengthNum LocationLabelList
| 'CONVERT' 'TO' CharsetKw ( CharsetName | 'DEFAULT' ) OptCollate
| 'ADD' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfNotExists ( ColumnDef ColumnPosition | '(' TableElementList ')' ) | Constraint | 'PARTITION' IfNotExists NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ( PartitionDefinitionListOpt | 'PARTITIONS' NUM ) )
| ( ( 'CHECK' | 'TRUNCATE' ) 'PARTITION' | ( 'OPTIMIZE' | 'REPAIR' | 'REBUILD' ) 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ) AllOrPartitionNameList
| 'COALESCE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt NUM
| 'DROP' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName RestrictOrCascadeOpt | 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' | 'PARTITION' IfExists PartitionNameList | ( KeyOrIndex IfExists | 'CHECK' ) Identifier | 'FOREIGN' 'KEY' IfExists Symbol )
| 'EXCHANGE' 'PARTITION' Identifier 'WITH' 'TABLE' TableName WithValidationOpt
| ( 'IMPORT' | 'DISCARD' ) ( 'PARTITION' AllOrPartitionNameList )? 'TABLESPACE'
| 'REORGANIZE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ReorganizePartitionRuleOpt
| 'ORDER' 'BY' AlterOrderItem ( ',' AlterOrderItem )*
| ( 'DISABLE' | 'ENABLE' ) 'KEYS'
| ( 'MODIFY' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists | 'CHANGE' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName ) ColumnDef ColumnPosition
| 'ALTER' ( ColumnKeywordOpt ColumnName ( 'SET' 'DEFAULT' ( SignedLiteral | '(' Expression ')' ) | 'DROP' 'DEFAULT' ) | 'CHECK' Identifier EnforcedOrNot | 'INDEX' Identifier IndexInvisible )
| 'RENAME' ( ( 'COLUMN' | KeyOrIndex ) Identifier 'TO' Identifier | ( 'TO' | '='? | 'AS' ) TableName )
| LockClause
| AlgorithmClause
| 'FORCE'
| ( 'WITH' | 'WITHOUT' ) 'VALIDATION'
| 'SECONDARY_LOAD'
| 'SECONDARY_UNLOAD'
示例
mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, c1 INT NOT NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | count | task | operator info |
+---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| TableReader_7 | 10.00 | root | data:Selection_6 |
| └─Selection_6 | 10.00 | cop | eq(test.t1.c1, 3) |
| └─TableScan_5 | 10000.00 | cop | table:t1, range:[-inf,+inf], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX (c1);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | count | task | operator info |
+-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| IndexReader_6 | 10.00 | root | index:IndexScan_5 |
| └─IndexScan_5 | 10.00 | cop | table:t1, index:c1, range:[3,3], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL 兼容性
- 支持除空间类型外的所有数据类型。
- 不支持
FULLTEXT
,HASH
和SPATIAL
索引。
另请参阅
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