Software and Hardware Recommendations

As an open-source distributed SQL database with high performance, TiDB can be deployed in the Intel architecture server, ARM architecture server, and major virtualization environments and runs well. TiDB supports most of the major hardware networks and Linux operating systems.

OS and platform requirements

In v8.1 LTS, TiDB ensures multi-level quality standards for various combinations of operating systems and CPU architectures.

For the following combinations of operating systems and CPU architectures, TiDB provides enterprise-level production quality, and the product features have been comprehensively and systematically verified:

Operating systems	Supported CPU architectures
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 or a later 8.x version	x86_64 ARM 64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 or a later 7.x version CentOS 7.3 or a later 7.x version (TiDB ends support for it starting from 8.4 DMR)	x86_64 ARM 64
Amazon Linux 2	x86_64 ARM 64
Amazon Linux 2023	x86_64 ARM 64
Rocky Linux 9.1 or later	x86_64 ARM 64
Kylin Euler V10 SP1/SP2	x86_64 ARM 64
UnionTech OS (UOS) V20	x86_64 ARM 64
openEuler 22.03 LTS SP1/SP3	x86_64 ARM 64

Note

According to CentOS Linux EOL, the upstream support for CentOS Linux 7 ends on June 30, 2024. TiDB ends the support for CentOS 7 starting from the 8.4 DMR version. It is recommended to use Rocky Linux 9.1 or a later version.
According to CentOS Linux EOL, the upstream support for CentOS Linux 8 ended on December 31, 2021. The upstream support for CentOS Stream 8 ended on May 31, 2024. CentOS Stream 9 continues to be supported by the CentOS organization.

For the following combinations of operating systems and CPU architectures, you can compile, build, and deploy TiDB. In addition, you can also use the basic features of OLTP, OLAP, and the data tools. However, TiDB does not guarantee enterprise-level production quality:

Operating systems	Supported CPU architectures
macOS 12 (Monterey) or later	x86_64 ARM 64
Oracle Enterprise Linux 8 or a later	x86_64
Ubuntu LTS 20.04 or later	x86_64
CentOS 8 Stream	x86_64 ARM 64
Debian 10 (Buster) or later	x86_64
Fedora 38 or later	x86_64
openSUSE Leap later than v15.5 (not including Tumbleweed)	x86_64
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15	x86_64

Note

For Oracle Enterprise Linux, TiDB supports the Red Hat Compatible Kernel (RHCK) and does not support the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel provided by Oracle Enterprise Linux.
Support for Ubuntu 16.04 will be removed in future versions of TiDB. Upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04 or later is strongly recommended.

If you are using the 32-bit version of an operating system listed in the preceding two tables, TiDB is not guaranteed to be compilable, buildable or deployable on the 32-bit operating system and the corresponding CPU architecture, or TiDB does not actively adapt to the 32-bit operating system.
Other operating system versions not mentioned above might work but are not officially supported.

Libraries required for compiling and running TiDB

Libraries required for compiling and running TiDB	Version
Golang	1.21 or later
Rust	nightly-2023-12-28 or later
GCC	7.x
LLVM	13.0 or later

Library required for running TiDB: glibc (2.28-151.el8 version)

Docker image dependencies

The following CPU architectures are supported:

x86_64. Starting from TiDB v6.6.0, the x86-64-v2 instruction set is required.
ARM 64

Software recommendations

Control machine

Software	Version
sshpass	1.06 or later
TiUP	1.5.0 or later

Note

It is required that you deploy TiUP on the control machine to operate and manage TiDB clusters.

Target machines

Software	Version
sshpass	1.06 or later
numa	2.0.12 or later
tar	any

Server recommendations

You can deploy and run TiDB on the 64-bit generic hardware server platform in the Intel x86-64 architecture or on the hardware server platform in the ARM architecture. The requirements and recommendations about server hardware configuration (ignoring the resources occupied by the operating system itself) for development, test, and production environments are as follows:

Development and test environments

Component	CPU	Memory	Local Storage	Network	Number of Instances (Minimum Requirement)
TiDB	8 core+	16 GB+	Disk space requirements	Gigabit network card	1 (can be deployed on the same machine with PD)
PD	4 core+	8 GB+	SAS, 200 GB+	Gigabit network card	1 (can be deployed on the same machine with TiDB)
TiKV	8 core+	32 GB+	SAS, 200 GB+	Gigabit network card	3
TiFlash	32 core+	64 GB+	SSD, 200 GB+	Gigabit network card	1
TiCDC	8 core+	16 GB+	SAS, 200 GB+	Gigabit network card	1

Note

In the test environment, the TiDB and PD instances can be deployed on the same server.
For performance-related test, do not use low-performance storage and network hardware configuration, in order to guarantee the correctness of the test result.
For the TiKV server, it is recommended to use NVMe SSDs to ensure faster reads and writes.
If you only want to test and verify the features, follow Quick Start Guide for TiDB to deploy TiDB on a single machine.
Starting from v6.3.0, to deploy TiFlash under the Linux AMD64 architecture, the CPU must support the AVX2 instruction set. Ensure that cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep avx2 has output. To deploy TiFlash under the Linux ARM64 architecture, the CPU must support the ARMv8 instruction set architecture. Ensure that cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'crc32' | grep 'asimd' has output. By using the instruction set extensions, TiFlash's vectorization engine can deliver better performance.

Production environment

Component	CPU	Memory	Hard Disk Type	Network	Number of Instances (Minimum Requirement)
TiDB	16 core+	48 GB+	SSD	10 Gigabit network card (2 preferred)	2
PD	8 core+	16 GB+	SSD	10 Gigabit network card (2 preferred)	3
TiKV	16 core+	64 GB+	SSD	10 Gigabit network card (2 preferred)	3
TiFlash	48 core+	128 GB+	1 or more SSDs	10 Gigabit network card (2 preferred)	2
TiCDC	16 core+	64 GB+	SSD	10 Gigabit network card (2 preferred)	2
Monitor	8 core+	16 GB+	SAS	Gigabit network card	1

Note

In the production environment, the TiDB and PD instances can be deployed on the same server. If you have a higher requirement for performance and reliability, try to deploy them separately.
It is strongly recommended to configure TiDB, TiKV, and TiFlash with at least 8 CPU cores each in the production environment. To get better performance, a higher configuration is recommended.
It is recommended to keep the size of TiKV hard disk within 4 TB if you are using PCIe SSDs or within 1.5 TB if you are using regular SSDs.
If you deploy TiKV on a cloud provider, such as AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure, it is recommended to use cloud disks for TiKV nodes. Data on local disks might be lost if the TiKV instance crashes in the cloud environment.

Before you deploy TiFlash, note the following items:

TiFlash can be deployed on multiple disks.
It is recommended to use a high-performance SSD as the first disk of the TiFlash data directory to buffer the real-time replication of TiKV data. The performance of this disk should not be lower than that of TiKV, such as PCIe SSD. The disk capacity should be no less than 10% of the total capacity; otherwise, it might become the bottleneck of this node. You can deploy ordinary SSDs for other disks, but note that a better PCIe SSD brings better performance.
It is recommended to deploy TiFlash on different nodes from TiKV. If you must deploy TiFlash and TiKV on the same node, increase the number of CPU cores and memory, and try to deploy TiFlash and TiKV on different disks to avoid interfering each other.
The total capacity of the TiFlash disks is calculated in this way: the data volume of the entire TiKV cluster to be replicated / the number of TiKV replicas * the number of TiFlash replicas. For example, if the overall planned capacity of TiKV is 1 TB, the number of TiKV replicas is 3, and the number of TiFlash replicas is 2, then the recommended total capacity of TiFlash is 1024 GB / 3 * 2. You can replicate only the data of some tables. In such case, determine the TiFlash capacity according to the data volume of the tables to be replicated.

Before you deploy TiCDC, note that it is recommended to deploy TiCDC on PCIe SSD disks larger than 500 GB.

Network requirements

As an open-source distributed SQL database, TiDB requires the following network port configuration to run. Based on the TiDB deployment in actual environments, the administrator can open relevant ports in the network side and host side.

Component	Default Port	Description
TiDB	4000	the communication port for the application and DBA tools
TiDB	10080	the communication port to report TiDB status
TiKV	20160	the TiKV communication port
TiKV	20180	the communication port to report TiKV status
PD	2379	the communication port between TiDB and PD
PD	2380	the inter-node communication port within the PD cluster
TiFlash	9000	the TiFlash TCP service port
TiFlash	3930	the TiFlash RAFT and Coprocessor service port
TiFlash	20170	the TiFlash Proxy service port
TiFlash	20292	the port for Prometheus to pull TiFlash Proxy metrics
TiFlash	8234	the port for Prometheus to pull TiFlash metrics
Pump	8250	the Pump communication port
Drainer	8249	the Drainer communication port
TiCDC	8300	the TiCDC communication port
Monitoring	9090	the communication port for the Prometheus service
Monitoring	12020	the communication port for the NgMonitoring service
Node_exporter	9100	the communication port to report the system information of every TiDB cluster node
Blackbox_exporter	9115	the Blackbox_exporter communication port, used to monitor the ports in the TiDB cluster
Grafana	3000	the port for the external Web monitoring service and client (Browser) access
Alertmanager	9093	the port for the alert web service
Alertmanager	9094	the alert communication port

Disk space requirements

Component	Disk space requirement	Healthy disk usage
TiDB	At least 30 GB for the log disk Starting from v6.5.0, Fast Online DDL (controlled by the tidb_ddl_enable_fast_reorg variable) is enabled by default to accelerate DDL operations, such as adding indexes. If DDL operations involving large objects exist in your application, or you want to use IMPORT INTO to import data, it is highly recommended to prepare additional SSD disk space for TiDB (100 GB or more). For detailed configuration instructions, see Set a temporary space for a TiDB instance	Lower than 90%
PD	At least 20 GB for the data disk and for the log disk, respectively	Lower than 90%
TiKV	At least 100 GB for the data disk and for the log disk, respectively	Lower than 80%
TiFlash	At least 100 GB for the data disk and at least 30 GB for the log disk, respectively	Lower than 80%
TiUP	Control machine: No more than 1 GB space is required for deploying a TiDB cluster of a single version. The space required increases if TiDB clusters of multiple versions are deployed. Deployment servers (machines where the TiDB components run): TiFlash occupies about 700 MB space and other components (such as PD, TiDB, and TiKV) occupy about 200 MB space respectively. During the cluster deployment process, the TiUP cluster requires less than 1 MB of temporary space (`/tmp` directory) to store temporary files.	N/A
Ngmonitoring	Conprof: 3 x 1 GB x Number of components (each component occupies about 1 GB per day, 3 days in total) + 20 GB reserved space Top SQL: 30 x 50 MB x Number of components (each component occupies about 50 MB per day, 30 days in total) Conprof and Top SQL share the reserved space	N/A

Web browser requirements

TiDB relies on Grafana to provide visualization of database metrics. A recent version of Microsoft Edge, Safari, Chrome or Firefox with Javascript enabled is sufficient.

Hardware and software requirements for TiFlash disaggregated storage and compute architecture

The preceding TiFlash software and hardware requirements are for the coupled storage and compute architecture. Starting from v7.0.0, TiFlash supports the disaggregated storage and compute architecture. In this architecture, TiFlash is divided into two types of nodes: the Write Node and the Compute Node. The requirements for these nodes are as follows:

Software: remain the same as the coupled storage and compute architecture, see OS and platform requirements.
Network port: remain the same as the coupled storage and compute architecture, see Network.
Disk space:
- TiFlash Write Node: it is recommended to configure at least 200 GB of disk space, which is used as a local buffer when adding TiFlash replicas and migrating Region replicas before uploading data to Amazon S3. In addition, an object storage compatible with Amazon S3 is required.
- TiFlash Compute Node: it is recommended to configure at least 100 GB of disk space, which is mainly used to cache the data read from the Write Node to improve performance. The cache of the Compute Node might be fully used, which is normal.
CPU and memory requirements are described in the following sections.

Development and test environments

Component	CPU	Memory	Local Storage	Network	Number of Instances (Minimum Requirement)
TiFlash Write Node	16 cores+	32 GB+	SSD, 200 GB+	Gigabit Ethernet	1
TiFlash Compute Node	16 cores+	32 GB+	SSD, 100 GB+	Gigabit Ethernet	0 (see the following note)

Production environment

Component	CPU	Memory	Disk Type	Network	Number of Instances (Minimum Requirement)
TiFlash Write Node	32 cores+	64 GB+	1 or more SSDs	10 Gigabit Ethernet (2 recommended)	1
TiFlash Compute Node	32 cores+	64 GB+	1 or more SSDs	10 Gigabit Ethernet (2 recommended)	0 (see the following note)

Note

You can use deployment tools such as TiUP to quickly scale in or out the TiFlash Compute Node, within the range of [0, +inf].

Software and Hardware Recommendations

OS and platform requirements

Libraries required for compiling and running TiDB

Docker image dependencies

Software recommendations

Control machine

Target machines

Server recommendations

Development and test environments

Production environment

Network requirements

Disk space requirements

Web browser requirements

Hardware and software requirements for TiFlash disaggregated storage and compute architecture

Development and test environments

Production environment

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