Tune Region Performance

This document introduces how to tune Region performance by adjusting the Region size and how to use bucket to optimize concurrent queries when the Region size is large.

Overview

TiKV automatically shards bottom-layered data. Data is split into multiple Regions based on the key ranges. When the size of a Region exceeds a threshold, TiKV splits it into two or more Regions.

In scenarios involving large datasets, if the Region size is relatively small, TiKV might have too many Regions, which causes more resource consumption and performance regression. Since v6.1.0, TiDB supports customizing Region size. The default size of a Region is 96 MiB. To reduce the number of Regions, you can adjust Regions to a larger size.

To reduce the performance overhead of many Regions, you can also enable Hibernate Region or Region Merge.

Use region-split-size to adjust Region size

To adjust the Region size, you can use the coprocessor.region-split-size configuration item. When TiFlash or the Dumpling tool is used, the Region size should not exceed 1 GiB. After increasing the Region size, you need to reduce the concurrency if the Dumpling tool is used; otherwise, TiDB might run out of memory.

Use bucket to increase concurrency

After Regions are set to a larger size, if you want to further improve the query concurrency, you can set coprocessor.enable-region-bucket to true. When you use this configuration, Regions are divided into buckets. Buckets are smaller ranges within a Region and are used as the unit of concurrent query to improve the scan concurrency. You can control the bucket size using coprocessor.region-bucket-size.