Manage TiCDC Cluster and Replication Tasks

This document describes how to manage the TiCDC cluster and replication tasks using the command line tool cdc cli and the HTTP interface.

Upgrade TiCDC using TiUP

This section introduces how to upgrade the TiCDC cluster using TiUP. In the following example, assume that you need to upgrade TiCDC and the entire TiDB cluster to v4.0.6.

tiup update --self && \
tiup update --all && \
tiup cluster upgrade <cluster-name> v4.0.6

Notes for upgrade

• The changefeed configuration has changed in TiCDC v4.0.2. See Compatibility notes for the configuration file for details.
• If you encounter any issues, see Upgrade TiDB using TiUP - FAQ.

Use TLS

For details about using encrypted data transmission (TLS), see Enable TLS Between TiDB Components.

Use cdc cli to manage cluster status and data replication task

This section introduces how to use cdc cli to manage a TiCDC cluster and data replication tasks. cdc cli is the cli sub-command executed using the cdc binary. The following interface description assumes that:

• cli commands are executed directly using the cdc binary;
• PD listens on 10.0.10.25 and the port is 2379.

If you deploy TiCDC using TiUP, replace cdc cli in the following commands with tiup ctl cdc.

Manage TiCDC service progress (capture)

• Query the capture list:

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  cdc cli capture list --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379

  [
    {
      "id": "806e3a1b-0e31-477f-9dd6-f3f2c570abdd",
      "is-owner": true,
      "address": "127.0.0.1:8300"
    },
    {
      "id": "ea2a4203-56fe-43a6-b442-7b295f458ebc",
      "is-owner": false,
      "address": "127.0.0.1:8301"
    }
  ]

  • id: The ID of the service process.
  • is-owner: Indicates whether the service process is the owner node.
  • address: The address via which the service process provides interface to the outside.

Manage replication tasks (changefeed)

Create a replication task

Execute the following commands to create a replication task:

cdc cli changefeed create --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --sink-uri="mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/" --changefeed-id="simple-replication-task"

Create changefeed successfully!
ID: simple-replication-task
Info: {"sink-uri":"mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/","opts":{},"create-time":"2020-03-12T22:04:08.103600025+08:00","start-ts":415241823337054209,"target-ts":0,"admin-job-type":0,"sort-engine":"memory","sort-dir":".","config":{"case-sensitive":true,"filter":{"rules":["*.*"],"ignore-txn-start-ts":null,"ddl-allow-list":null},"mounter":{"worker-num":16},"sink":{"dispatchers":null,"protocol":"default"},"cyclic-replication":{"enable":false,"replica-id":0,"filter-replica-ids":null,"id-buckets":0,"sync-ddl":false},"scheduler":{"type":"table-number","polling-time":-1}},"state":"normal","history":null,"error":null}

• --changefeed-id: The ID of the replication task. The format must match the ^[a-zA-Z0-9]+(\-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*$ regular expression. If this ID is not specified, TiCDC automatically generates a UUID (the version 4 format) as the ID.

• --sink-uri: The downstream address of the replication task. Configure --sink-uri according to the following format. Currently, the scheme supports mysql/tidb/kafka/pulsar.

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  [scheme]://[userinfo@][host]:[port][/path]?[query_parameters]

  When a URI contains special characters, you need to process these special characters using URL encoding.

• --start-ts: Specifies the starting TSO of the changefeed. From this TSO, the TiCDC cluster starts pulling data. The default value is the current time.

• --target-ts: Specifies the ending TSO of the changefeed. To this TSO, the TiCDC cluster stops pulling data. The default value is empty, which means that TiCDC does not automatically stop pulling data.

• --sort-engine: Specifies the sorting engine for the changefeed. Because TiDB and TiKV adopt distributed architectures, TiCDC must sort the data changes before writing them to the sink. This option supports memory/unified/file.

  • memory: Sorts data changes in memory. It is recommended to use memory in a production environment.
  • unified: An experimental feature introduced in v4.0.9. When unified is used, TiCDC prefers data sorting in memory. If the memory is insufficient, TiCDC automatically uses the disk to store the temporary data. It is NOT recommended to use it in a production environment unless memory cannot be used due to insufficient memory.
  • file: Entirely uses the disk to store the temporary data. This feature is deprecated. It is not recommended to use it.

• --config: Specifies the configuration file of the changefeed.

Configure sink URI with mysql/tidb

Sample configuration:

--sink-uri="mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/?worker-count=16&max-txn-row=5000"

The following are descriptions of parameters and parameter values that can be configured for the sink URI with mysql/tidb:

Configure sink URI with kafka

Sample configuration:

--sink-uri="kafka://127.0.0.1:9092/cdc-test?kafka-version=2.4.0&partition-num=6&max-message-bytes=67108864&replication-factor=1"

The following are descriptions of parameters and parameter values that can be configured for the sink URI with kafka:

Note:

When protocol is default, TiCDC tries to avoid generating messages that exceed max-message-bytes in length. However, if a row is so large that a single change alone exceeds max-message-bytes in length , to avoid silent failure, TiCDC tries to output this message and prints a warning in the log.

Integrate TiCDC with Kafka Connect (Confluent Platform)

Warning:

This is still an experimental feature. Do NOT use it in a production environment.

Sample configuration:

--sink-uri="kafka://127.0.0.1:9092/cdc-test?kafka-version=2.4.0&protocol=avro&partition-num=6&max-message-bytes=67108864&replication-factor=1"
--opts registry="http://127.0.0.1:8081"

To use the data connectors provided by Confluent to stream data to relational or non-relational databases, you should use the avro protocol and provide a URL for Confluent Schema Registry in opts. Note that the avro protocol and Confluent integration are experimental.

For detailed integration guide, see Quick Start Guide on Integrating TiDB with Confluent Platform.

Configure sink URI with pulsar

Sample configuration:

--sink-uri="pulsar://127.0.0.1:6650/cdc-test?connectionTimeout=2s"

The following are descriptions of parameters that can be configured for the sink URI with pulsar:

For more parameters of Pulsar, see pulsar-client-go ClientOptions and pulsar-client-go ProducerOptions.

Use the task configuration file

For more replication configuration (for example, specify replicating a single table), see Task configuration file.

You can use a configuration file to create a replication task in the following way:

cdc cli changefeed create --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --sink-uri="mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/" --config changefeed.toml

In the command above, changefeed.toml is the configuration file for the replication task.

Query the replication task list

Execute the following command to query the replication task list:

cdc cli changefeed list --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379

[{
    "id": "simple-replication-task",
    "summary": {
      "state": "normal",
      "tso": 417886179132964865,
      "checkpoint": "2020-07-07 16:07:44.881",
      "error": null
    }
}]

• checkpoint indicates that TiCDC has already replicated data before this time point to the downstream.
• state indicates the state of the replication task.
  • normal: The replication task runs normally.
  • stopped: The replication task is stopped (manually paused or stopped by an error).
  • removed: The replication task is removed. Tasks of this state are displayed only when you have specified the --all option. To see these tasks when this option is not specified, execute the changefeed query command.
  • finished: The replication task is finished (data is replicated to the target-ts). Tasks of this state are displayed only when you have specified the --all option. To see these tasks when this option is not specified, execute the changefeed query command.

Query a specific replication task

To query a specific replication task, execute the changefeed query command. The query result includes the task information and the task state. You can specify the --simple or -s argument to simplify the query result that will only include the basic replication state and the checkpoint information. If you do not specify this argument, detailed task configuration, replication states, and replication table information are output.

cdc cli changefeed query -s --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id=simple-replication-task

{
 "state": "normal",
 "tso": 419035700154597378,
 "checkpoint": "2020-08-27 10:12:19.579",
 "error": null
}

In the command and result above:

• state is the replication state of the current changefeed. Each state must be consistent with the state in changefeed list.
• tso represents the largest transaction TSO in the current changefeed that has been successfully replicated to the downstream.
• checkpoint represents the corresponding time of the largest transaction TSO in the current changefeed that has been successfully replicated to the downstream.
• error records whether an error has occurred in the current changefeed.

cdc cli changefeed query --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id=simple-replication-task

{
  "info": {
    "sink-uri": "mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/?max-txn-row=20\u0026worker-number=4",
    "opts": {},
    "create-time": "2020-08-27T10:33:41.687983832+08:00",
    "start-ts": 419036036249681921,
    "target-ts": 0,
    "admin-job-type": 0,
    "sort-engine": "memory",
    "sort-dir": ".",
    "config": {
      "case-sensitive": true,
      "enable-old-value": false,
      "filter": {
        "rules": [
          "*.*"
        ],
        "ignore-txn-start-ts": null,
        "ddl-allow-list": null
      },
      "mounter": {
        "worker-num": 16
      },
      "sink": {
        "dispatchers": null,
        "protocol": "default"
      },
      "cyclic-replication": {
        "enable": false,
        "replica-id": 0,
        "filter-replica-ids": null,
        "id-buckets": 0,
        "sync-ddl": false
      },
      "scheduler": {
        "type": "table-number",
        "polling-time": -1
      }
    },
    "state": "normal",
    "history": null,
    "error": null
  },
  "status": {
    "resolved-ts": 419036036249681921,
    "checkpoint-ts": 419036036249681921,
    "admin-job-type": 0
  },
  "count": 0,
  "task-status": [
    {
      "capture-id": "97173367-75dc-490c-ae2d-4e990f90da0f",
      "status": {
        "tables": {
          "47": {
            "start-ts": 419036036249681921,
            "mark-table-id": 0
          }
        },
        "operation": null,
        "admin-job-type": 0
      }
    }
  ]
}

In the command and result above:

• info is the replication configuration of the queried changefeed.
• status is the replication state of the queried changefeed.
  • resolved-ts: The largest transaction TS in the current changefeed. Note that this TS has been successfully sent from TiKV to TiCDC.
  • checkpoint-ts: The largest transaction TS in the current changefeed. Note that this TS has been successfully written to the downstream.
  • admin-job-type: The status of a changefeed:
    • 0: The state is normal.
    • 1: The task is paused. When the task is paused, all replicated processors exit. The configuration and the replication status of the task are retained, so you can resume the task from checkpiont-ts.
    • 2: The task is resumed. The replication task resumes from checkpoint-ts.
    • 3: The task is removed. When the task is removed, all replicated processors are ended, and the configuration information of the replication task is cleared up. Only the replication status is retained for later queries.
• task-status indicates the state of each replication sub-task in the queried changefeed.

Pause a replication task

Execute the following command to pause a replication task:

cdc cli changefeed pause --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id simple-replication-task

In the above command:

• --changefeed-id=uuid represents the ID of the changefeed that corresponds to the replication task you want to pause.

Resume a replication task

Execute the following command to resume a paused replication task:

cdc cli changefeed resume --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id simple-replication-task

In the above command:

• --changefeed-id=uuid represents the ID of the changefeed that corresponds to the replication task you want to resume.

Remove a replication task

Execute the following command to remove a replication task:

cdc cli changefeed remove --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id simple-replication-task

In the above command:

• --changefeed-id=uuid represents the ID of the changefeed that corresponds to the replication task you want to remove.

After the replication task is removed, the state information of the task will be retained for 24 hours, mainly used for recording the replication checkpoint. Within this 24 hours, you cannot create a replication task of the same name.

If you want to completely remove the task information, you can specify the --force or -f argument in the command. Then all information of the changefeed will be removed, and you can immediately create a changefeed of the same name.

cdc cli changefeed remove --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id simple-replication-task --force

Update task configuration

Starting from v4.0.4, TiCDC supports modifying the configuration of the replication task (not dynamically). To modify the changefeed configuration, pause the task, modify the configuration, and then resume the task.

cdc cli changefeed pause -c test-cf
cdc cli changefeed update -c test-cf --sink-uri="mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/?max-txn-row=20&worker-number=8" --config=changefeed.toml
cdc cli changefeed resume -c test-cf

Currently, you can modify the following configuration items:

• sink-uri of the changefeed.
• The changefeed configuration file and all configuration items in the file.
• Whether to use the file sorting feature and the sorting directory.
• The target-ts of the changefeed.

Manage processing units of replication sub-tasks (processor)

• Query the processor list:

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  cdc cli processor list --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379

  [
          {
                  "id": "9f84ff74-abf9-407f-a6e2-56aa35b33888",
                  "capture-id": "b293999a-4168-4988-a4f4-35d9589b226b",
                  "changefeed-id": "simple-replication-task"
          }
  ]

• Query a specific changefeed which corresponds to the status of a specific replication task:

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  cdc cli processor query --pd=http://10.0.10.25:2379 --changefeed-id=simple-replication-task --capture-id=b293999a-4168-4988-a4f4-35d9589b226b

  {
    "status": {
      "tables": {
        "56": {    # ID of the replication table, corresponding to tidb_table_id of a table in TiDB
          "start-ts": 417474117955485702,
          "mark-table-id": 0  # ID of mark tables in the cyclic replication, corresponding to tidb_table_id of mark tables in TiDB
        }
      },
      "operation": null,
      "admin-job-type": 0
    },
    "position": {
      "checkpoint-ts": 417474143881789441,
      "resolved-ts": 417474143881789441,
      "count": 0
    }
  }

  In the command above:

  • status.tables: Each key number represents the ID of the replication table, corresponding to tidb_table_id of a table in TiDB.
  • mark-table-id: The ID of mark tables in the cyclic replication, corresponding to tidb_table_id of mark tables in TiDB.
  • resolved-ts: The largest TSO among the sorted data in the current processor.
  • checkpoint-ts: The largest TSO that has been successfully written to the downstream in the current processor.

Use HTTP interface to manage cluster status and data replication task

Currently, the HTTP interface provides some basic features for query and maintenance.

In the following examples, suppose that the TiCDC server listens on 127.0.0.1, and the port is 8300 (you can specify the IP and port in --addr=ip:port when starting the TiCDC server).

Get the TiCDC server status

Use the following command to get the TiCDC server status:

curl http://127.0.0.1:8300/status

{
"version": "0.0.1",
"git_hash": "863f8ea889b144244ff53593a45c47ad22d37396",
"id": "6d92386a-73fc-43f3-89de-4e337a42b766", # capture id
"pid": 12102    # cdc server pid
}

Evict the owner node

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8300/capture/owner/resign

The above command takes effect only for requesting on the owner node.

{
 "status": true,
 "message": ""
}

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8301/capture/owner/resign

For nodes other than owner nodes, executing the above command will return the following error.

election: not leader

Manually schedule a table to other node

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8300/capture/owner/move_table -d 'cf-id=cf060953-036c-4f31-899f-5afa0ad0c2f9&target-cp-id=6f19a6d9-0f8c-4dc9-b299-3ba7c0f216f5&table-id=49'

Parameter description:

For nodes other than owner nodes, executing the above command will return the following error.

{
 "status": true,
 "message": ""
}

Dynamically change the log level of TiCDC server

curl -X POST -d '"debug"' http://127.0.0.1:8301/admin/log

In the command above, the POST parameter indicates the new log level. The zap-provided log level options are supported: "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "dpanic", "panic", and "fatal". This interface parameter is JSON-encoded and you need to pay attention to the use of quotation marks. For example: '"debug"'.

Task configuration file

This section introduces the configuration of a replication task.

# Specifies whether the database names and tables in the configuration file are case-sensitive.
# The default value is true.
# This configuration item affects configurations related to filter and sink.
case-sensitive = true

# Specifies whether to output the old value. New in v4.0.5.
enable-old-value = false

[filter]
# Ignores the transaction of specified start_ts.
ignore-txn-start-ts = [1, 2]

# Filter rules.
# Filter syntax: https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-filter#syntax.
rules = ['*.*', '!test.*']

[mounter]
# mounter thread counts, which is used to decode the TiKV output data.
worker-num = 16

[sink]
# For the sink of MQ type, you can use dispatchers to configure the event dispatcher.
# Supports four dispatchers: default, ts, rowid, and table.
# The dispatcher rules are as follows:
# - default: When multiple unique indexes (including the primary key) exist or the Old Value feature is enabled, events are dispatched in the table mode. When only one unique index (or the primary key) exists, events are dispatched in the rowid mode.
# - ts: Use the commitTs of the row change to create Hash and dispatch events.
# - rowid: Use the name and value of the selected HandleKey column to create Hash and dispatch events.
# - table: Use the schema name of the table and the table name to create Hash and dispatch events.
# The matching syntax of matcher is the same as the filter rule syntax.
dispatchers = [
    {matcher = ['test1.*', 'test2.*'], dispatcher = "ts"},
    {matcher = ['test3.*', 'test4.*'], dispatcher = "rowid"},
]
# For the sink of MQ type, you can specify the protocol format of the message.
# Currently four protocols are supported: default, canal, avro, and maxwell. The default protocol is TiCDC Open Protocol.
protocol = "default"

[cyclic-replication]
# Whether to enable cyclic replication.
enable = false
# The replica ID of the current TiCDC.
replica-id = 1
# The replica ID to be filtered.
filter-replica-ids = [2,3]
# Whether to replicate DDL statements.
sync-ddl = true

Notes for compatibility

• In TiCDC v4.0.0, ignore-txn-commit-ts is removed and ignore-txn-start-ts is added, which uses start_ts to filter transactions.
• In TiCDC v4.0.2, db-dbs/db-tables/ignore-dbs/ignore-tables are removed and rules is added, which uses new filter rules for databases and tables. For detailed filter syntax, see Table Filter.

Cyclic replication

Warning:

Currently (v4.0.2), cyclic replication is still an experimental feature. It is NOT recommended to use it in the production environment.

The cyclic replication feature supports replicating data across multiple independent TiDB clusters. For example, TiDB clusters A, cluster B, and cluster C all have a table named test.user_data and write data into this table respectively. With the cyclic replication feature, the data written into test.user_data in one cluster can be replicated to the other two clusters, so that the test.user_data table in the three clusters is consistent with each other.

Usage example

Enable cyclic replication in the three clusters of A, B, and C. Two TiCDC clusters are used for the replication from cluster A to cluster B. Among the three clusters, DDL statements enters cluster A first.

To use the cyclic replication feature, you need to configure the following parameters for the replication task upon the task creation.

• --cyclic-replica-id: Specifies the data source (to be written) ID of the upstream cluster. Each cluster ID must be unique.
• --cyclic-filter-replica-ids: Specifies the data source ID to be filtered, which is usually the downstream cluster ID.
• --cyclic-sync-ddl: Determines whether to replicate DDL statements to the downstream.

To create a cyclic replication task, take the following steps:

1. Enable the TiCDC component in TiDB cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C.

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   # Enables TiCDC in cluster A.
   cdc server \
       --pd="http://${PD_A_HOST}:${PD_A_PORT}" \
       --log-file=ticdc_1.log \
       --addr=0.0.0.0:8301 \
       --advertise-addr=127.0.0.1:8301
   # Enables TiCDC in cluster B.
   cdc server \
       --pd="http://${PD_B_HOST}:${PD_B_PORT}" \
       --log-file=ticdc_2.log \
       --addr=0.0.0.0:8301 \
       --advertise-addr=127.0.0.1:8301
   # Enables TiCDC in cluster C.
   cdc server \
       --pd="http://${PD_C_HOST}:${PD_C_PORT}" \
       --log-file=ticdc_3.log \
       --addr=0.0.0.0:8301 \
       --advertise-addr=127.0.0.1:8301

2. Create the mark tables used for the cyclic replication in cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C.

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   # Creates mark tables in cluster A.
   cdc cli changefeed cyclic create-marktables \
       --cyclic-upstream-dsn="root@tcp(${TIDB_A_HOST}:${TIDB_A_PORT})/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_A_HOST}:${PD_A_PORT}"
   # Creates mark tables in cluster B.
   cdc cli changefeed cyclic create-marktables \
       --cyclic-upstream-dsn="root@tcp(${TIDB_B_HOST}:${TIDB_B_PORT})/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_B_HOST}:${PD_B_PORT}"
   # Creates mark tables in cluster C.
   cdc cli changefeed cyclic create-marktables \
       --cyclic-upstream-dsn="root@tcp(${TIDB_C_HOST}:${TIDB_C_PORT})/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_C_HOST}:${PD_C_PORT}"

3. Create the cyclic replication task in cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C.

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   # Creates the cyclic replication task in cluster A.
   cdc cli changefeed create \
       --sink-uri="mysql://root@${TiDB_B_HOST}/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_A_HOST}:${PD_A_PORT}" \
       --cyclic-replica-id 1 \
       --cyclic-filter-replica-ids 2 \
       --cyclic-sync-ddl true
   # Creates the cyclic replication task in cluster B.
   cdc cli changefeed create \
       --sink-uri="mysql://root@${TiDB_C_HOST}/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_B_HOST}:${PD_B_PORT}" \
       --cyclic-replica-id 2 \
       --cyclic-filter-replica-ids 3 \
       --cyclic-sync-ddl true
   # Creates the cyclic replication task in cluster C.
   cdc cli changefeed create \
       --sink-uri="mysql://root@${TiDB_A_HOST}/" \
       --pd="http://${PD_C_HOST}:${PD_C_PORT}" \
       --cyclic-replica-id 3 \
       --cyclic-filter-replica-ids 1 \
       --cyclic-sync-ddl false

Usage notes

• Before creating the cyclic replication task, you must execute cdc cli changefeed cyclic create-marktables to create the mark tables for the cyclic replication.
• The name of the table with cyclic replication enabled must match the ^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$ regular expression.
• Before creating the cyclic replication task, the tables for the task must be created.
• After enabling the cyclic replication, you cannot create a table that will be replicated by the cyclic replication task.
• To perform online DDL operations, ensure the following requirements are met:
  • The TiCDC components of multiple clusters form a one-way DDL replication chain, which is not cyclic. For example, in the example above, only the TiCDC component of cluster C disables sync-ddl.
  • DDL operations must be performed on the cluster that is the starting point of the one-way DDL replication chain, such as cluster A in the example above.

Output the historical value of a Row Changed Event New in v4.0.5

Warning:

Currently, outputting the historical value of a Row Changed Event is still an experimental feature. It is NOT recommended to use it in the production environment.

In the default configuration, the Row Changed Event of TiCDC Open Protocol output in a replication task only contains the changed value, not the value before the change. Therefore, the output value neither supports the new collation framework introduced in TiDB v4.0, nor can be used by the consumer ends of TiCDC Open Protocol as the historical value of a Row Changed Event.

Starting from v4.0.5, TiCDC supports outputting the historical value of a Row Changed Event. To enable this feature, specify the following configuration in the changefeed configuration file at the root level:

enable-old-value = true

After this feature is enabled, you can see TiCDC Open Protocol - Row Changed Event for the detailed output format. The new TiDB v4.0 collation framework will also be supported when you use the MySQL sink.

Replicate tables without a valid index

Since v4.0.8, TiCDC supports replicating tables that have no valid index by modifying the task configuration. To enable this feature, configure in the changefeed configuration file as follows:

enable-old-value = true
force-replicate = true

Warning:

For tables without a valid index, operations such as INSERT and REPLACE are not reentrant, so there is a risk of data redundancy. TiCDC guarantees that data is distributed only at least once during the replication process. Therefore, enabling this feature to replicate tables without a valid index will definitely cause data redundancy. If you do not accept data redundancy, it is recommended to add an effective index, such as adding a primary key column with the AUTO RANDOM attribute.