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- Glossary
You are viewing the documentation of an older version of the TiDB database (TiDB v5.0).
Explain Statements Using Index Merge
IndexMerge
is a method introduced in TiDB v4.0 to access tables. Using this method, the TiDB optimizer can use multiple indexes per table and merge the results returned by each index. In some scenarios, this method makes the query more efficient by avoiding full table scans.
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from t where a = 1 or b = 1;
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| TableReader_7 | 8000.00 | root | | data:Selection_6 |
| └─Selection_6 | 8000.00 | cop[tikv] | | or(eq(test.t.a, 1), eq(test.t.b, 1)) |
| └─TableFullScan_5 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
mysql> set @@tidb_enable_index_merge = 1;
mysql> explain select * from t use index(idx_a, idx_b) where a > 1 or b > 1;
+--------------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+--------------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| IndexMerge_16 | 6666.67 | root | | |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_13(Build) | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | table:t, index:idx_a(a) | range:(1,+inf], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_14(Build) | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | table:t, index:idx_b(b) | range:(1,+inf], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableRowIDScan_15(Probe) | 6666.67 | cop[tikv] | table:t | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+--------------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
In the above query, the filter condition is a WHERE
clause that uses OR
as the connector. Without IndexMerge
, you can use only one index per table. a = 1
cannot be pushed down to the index a
; neither can b = 1
be pushed down to the index b
. The full table scan is inefficient when a huge volume of data exists in t
. To handle such a scenario, IndexMerge
is introduced in TiDB to access tables.
IndexMerge
allows the optimizer to use multiple indexes per table, and merge the results returned by each index to generate the execution plan of the latter IndexMerge
in the figure above. Here the IndexMerge_16
operator has three child nodes, among which IndexRangeScan_13
and IndexRangeScan_14
get all the RowID
s that meet the conditions based on the result of range scan, and then the TableRowIDScan_15
operator accurately reads all the data that meets the conditions according to these RowID
s.
For the scan operation that is performed on a specific range of data, such as IndexRangeScan
/TableRangeScan
, the operator info
column in the result has additional information about the scan range compared with other scan operations like IndexFullScan
/TableFullScan
. In the above example, the range:(1,+inf]
in the IndexRangeScan_13
operator indicates that the operator scans the data from 1 to positive infinity.
At present, the IndexMerge
feature is disabled by default in TiDB 4.0.0-rc.1. In addition, the currently supported scenarios of IndexMerge
in TiDB 4.0 are limited to the disjunctive normal form (expressions connected by or
). The conjunctive normal form (expressions connected by and
) will be supported in later versions. Enable the IndexMerge
in one of two ways:
Set
tidb_enable_index_merge=1
;Use the SQL Hint
USE_INDEX_MERGE
in the query.
SQL Hint has a higher priority than system variables.