# TiDB Self-Managed

> TiDB is an open-source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads.

- About TiDB Self-Managed
  - [What is TiDB Self-Managed](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/overview.md): Learn about the key features and usage scenarios of TiDB.
  - [TiDB 8.5 Release Notes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/release-8.5.0.md): Learn about the new features, compatibility changes, improvements, and bug fixes in TiDB 8.5.0.
  - [Features](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/basic-features.md): Learn about the feature overview of TiDB.
  - [MySQL Compatibility](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/mysql-compatibility.md): Learn about the compatibility of TiDB with MySQL, and the unsupported and different features.
  - [TiDB Limitations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-limitations.md): Learn the usage limitations of TiDB.
  - [Credits](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/credits.md): Learn about the list and roles of contributors to the TiDB community.
- Get Started
  - [Quick Start with TiDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-with-tidb.md): Learn how to quickly get started with TiDB Self-Managed using TiUP playground and see if TiDB is the right choice for you.
  - [Quick Start with HTAP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-with-htap.md): Learn how to quickly get started with the TiDB HTAP.
  - [Explore SQL with TiDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/basic-sql-operations.md): Learn about the basic SQL statements for the TiDB database.
  - [Explore HTAP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explore-htap.md): Learn how to explore and use the features of TiDB HTAP.
  - [Import Example Database](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/import-example-data.md): Install the Bikeshare example database.
- Deploy
  - [Software and Hardware Requirements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/hardware-and-software-requirements.md): Learn the software and hardware recommendations for deploying and running TiDB.
  - [Environment Configuration Checklist](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/check-before-deployment.md): Learn the environment check operations before deploying TiDB.
  - Plan Cluster Topology
    - [Minimal Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/minimal-deployment-topology.md): Learn the minimal deployment topology of TiDB clusters.
    - [TiFlash Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-deployment-topology.md): Learn the deployment topology of TiFlash based on the minimal TiDB topology.
    - [PD Microservices Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pd-microservices-deployment-topology.md): Learn the deployment topology of PD microservices based on the minimal TiDB topology.
    - [TiProxy Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-deployment-topology.md): Learn the deployment topology of TiProxy based on the minimal TiDB topology.
    - [TiCDC Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-deployment-topology.md): Learn the deployment topology of TiCDC based on the minimal TiDB topology.
    - [Cross-DC Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/geo-distributed-deployment-topology.md): Learn the geo-distributed deployment topology of TiDB.
    - [Hybrid Topology](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/hybrid-deployment-topology.md): Learn the hybrid deployment topology of TiDB clusters.
  - [Deploy Using TiUP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/production-deployment-using-tiup.md): Learn how to easily deploy a TiDB cluster using TiUP.
  - [Deploy on Kubernetes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-in-kubernetes.md): Learn how to deploy a TiDB cluster on Kubernetes.
  - [Verify Cluster Status](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/post-installation-check.md): Learn how to check the running status of the TiDB cluster.
  - Test Cluster Performance
    - [Test TiDB Using Sysbench](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/benchmark-tidb-using-sysbench.md): TiDB performance can be optimized by using Sysbench 1.0 or later. Configure TiDB and TiKV with higher log levels for better performance. Adjust Sysbench configuration and import data to optimize performance. Address common issues related to proxy use and CPU utilization rates.
    - [Test TiDB Using TPC-C](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/benchmark-tidb-using-tpcc.md): This document describes how to test TiDB using TPC-C, an online transaction processing benchmark. It specifies the initial state of the database, provides commands for loading data, running the test, and cleaning up test data. The test measures the maximum qualified throughput using tpmC (transactions per minute).
    - [Test TiDB Using CH-benCHmark](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/benchmark-tidb-using-ch.md): Learn how to run CH-benCHmark test on TiDB.
- Migrate
  - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migration-overview.md): Learn the overview of data migration scenarios and the solutions.
  - [Migration Tools](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migration-tools.md): Learn an overview of the TiDB migration tools.
  - [Import Best Practices](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-import-best-practices.md): Learn best practices for importing large volumes of data.
  - Migration Scenarios
    - [Migrate from Aurora](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-aurora-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate data from Amazon Aurora to TiDB using DB snapshot.
    - [Migrate Small Datasets from MySQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-small-mysql-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate small datasets from MySQL to TiDB.
    - [Migrate Large Datasets from MySQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-large-mysql-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate large datasets from MySQL to TiDB.
    - [Migrate and Merge MySQL Shards of Small Datasets](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-small-mysql-shards-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate and merge small datasets of shards from MySQL to TiDB.
    - [Migrate and Merge MySQL Shards of Large Datasets](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-large-mysql-shards-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate and merge large datasets of shards from MySQL into TiDB using Dumpling and TiDB Lightning, as well as how to configure the DM task to replicate incremental data changes from different MySQL shards into TiDB.
    - [Migrate from Vitess](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-vitess.md): Learn about the tools to migrate data from Vitess to TiDB.
    - [Migrate from MariaDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-mariadb.md): Learn how to migrate data from MariaDB to TiDB.
    - [Migrate from CSV Files](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-csv-files-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate data from CSV files to TiDB.
    - [Migrate from SQL Files](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-sql-files-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate data from SQL files to TiDB.
    - [Migrate from Parquet Files](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-parquet-files-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate data from parquet files to TiDB.
    - [Migrate from One TiDB Cluster to Another TiDB Cluster](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-tidb-to-tidb.md): Learn how to migrate data from one TiDB cluster to another TiDB cluster.
    - [Migrate from TiDB to MySQL-compatible Databases](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-from-tidb-to-mysql.md): Learn how to migrate data from TiDB to MySQL-compatible databases.
  - Advanced Migration
    - [Continuous Replication with gh-ost or pt-osc](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-with-pt-ghost.md): Learn how to use DM to replicate incremental data from databases that use online DDL tools gh-ost or pt-osc
    - [Migrate to a Downstream Table with More Columns](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-with-more-columns-downstream.md): Learn how to migrate data to a downstream TiDB table with more columns than the corresponding upstream table.
    - [Filter Binlog Events](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/filter-binlog-event.md): Learn how to filter binlog events when migrating data.
    - [Filter DML Events Using SQL Expressions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/filter-dml-event.md): Learn how to filter DML events using SQL expressions.
- Stream Data
  - [TiCDC Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-overview.md): Learn what TiCDC is, what features TiCDC provides, and how to install and deploy TiCDC.
  - [Deploy and Maintain](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-ticdc.md): Learn the hardware and software recommendations for deploying and running TiCDC, and how to deploy and maintain it.
  - Changefeed
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-changefeed-overview.md): Learn basic concepts, state definitions, and state transfer of changefeeds.
    - Create Changefeeds
      - [Replicate Data to MySQL-compatible Databases](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-sink-to-mysql.md): Learn how to replicate data to TiDB or MySQL using TiCDC.
      - [Replicate Data to Kafka](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-sink-to-kafka.md): Learn how to replicate data to Apache Kafka using TiCDC.
      - [Replicate Data to Pulsar](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-sink-to-pulsar.md): Learn how to replicate data to Pulsar using TiCDC.
      - [Replicate Data to Storage Services](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-sink-to-cloud-storage.md): Learn how to replicate data to storage services using TiCDC, and learn about the storage path of the replicated data.
    - [Manage Changefeeds](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-manage-changefeed.md): Learn how to manage TiCDC changefeeds.
    - [Log Filter](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-filter.md): Learn how to use the table filter and event filter of TiCDC.
    - [DDL Replication](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-ddl.md): Learn about the DDL statements supported by TiCDC and some special cases.
    - [Bidirectional Replication](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-bidirectional-replication.md): Learn how to use bidirectional replication of TiCDC.
  - Monitor and Alert
    - [Monitoring Metrics Summary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-summary-monitor.md): Learn about the monitoring metrics of TiCDC.
    - [Monitoring Metrics Details](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-ticdc.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana TiCDC dashboard.
    - [Alert Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-alert-rules.md): Learn about TiCDC alert rules and how to handle the alerts.
  - Integration Scenarios
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/integration-overview.md): Learn the overview of data integration scenarios.
    - [Integrate with Confluent and Snowflake](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/integrate-confluent-using-ticdc.md): Learn how to stream TiDB data to Confluent Cloud, Snowflake, ksqlDB, and SQL Server.
    - [Integrate with Apache Kafka and Apache Flink](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/replicate-data-to-kafka.md): Learn how to replicate TiDB data to Apache Kafka and Apache Flink using TiCDC.
  - Reference
    - TiCDC Architecture
      - [TiCDC New Architecture](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-architecture.md): Introduces the features, architectural design, deployment guide, and notes of the TiCDC new architecture.
      - [TiCDC Classic Architecture](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-classic-architecture.md): Learn the classic architecture and working principles of TiCDC.
    - [TiCDC Data Replication Capabilities](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-data-replication-capabilities.md): Learn the data replication capabilities of TiCDC.
    - [TiCDC Server Configurations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-server-config.md): Learn the CLI and configuration parameters used in TiCDC.
    - [TiCDC Changefeed Configurations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-changefeed-config.md): Learn the definitions of CLI and configuration parameters of TiCDC changefeeds.
    - [TiCDC Client Authentication](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-client-authentication.md): Introduce how to perform TiCDC client authentication using the command-line tool or OpenAPI.
    - [Data Integrity Validation for Single-Row Data](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-integrity-check.md): Introduce the implementation principle and usage of the TiCDC data integrity validation feature.
    - [Data Consistency Validation for Upstream and Downstream TiDB Clusters](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-upstream-downstream-check.md): Learn how to check data for TiDB upstream and downstream clusters.
    - [TiCDC Behavior in Splitting UPDATE Events](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-split-update-behavior.md): Introduce the behavior changes about whether TiCDC splits `UPDATE` events, including the reasons and the impact of these changes.
    - Output Protocols
      - [TiCDC Avro Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-avro-protocol.md): Learn the concept of TiCDC Avro Protocol and how to use it.
      - [TiCDC Canal-JSON Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-canal-json.md): Learn the concept of TiCDC Canal-JSON Protocol and how to use it.
      - [TiCDC CSV Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-csv.md): Learn the concept of TiCDC CSV Protocol and how to use it.
      - [TiCDC Debezium Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-debezium.md): Learn the concept of the TiCDC Debezium Protocol and how to use it.
      - [TiCDC Open Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-open-protocol.md): Learn the concept of TiCDC Open Protocol and how to use it.
      - [TiCDC Simple Protocol](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-simple-protocol.md): Learn how to use the TiCDC Simple protocol and the data format implementation.
    - [TiCDC Open API v2](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-open-api-v2.md): Learn how to use the OpenAPI v2 interface to manage the cluster status and data replication.
    - [TiCDC Open API v1](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-open-api.md): Learn how to use the OpenAPI interface to manage the cluster status and data replication.
    - TiCDC Data Consumption
      - [TiCDC Row Data Checksum Verification Based on Avro](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-avro-checksum-verification.md): Introduce the detailed implementation of TiCDC row data checksum verification.
      - [Guide for Developing a Storage Sink Consumer](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-storage-consumer-dev-guide.md): Learn how to design and implement a consumer to consume data changes in storage sinks.
    - [TiCDC Compatibility](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-compatibility.md): Learn about compatibility issues of TiCDC and how to handle them.
  - [Troubleshoot](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-ticdc.md): Learn how to troubleshoot issues you might encounter when you use TiCDC.
  - [FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-faq.md): Learn the FAQs you might encounter when you use TiCDC.
  - [Glossary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-glossary.md): Learn the terms about TiCDC and their definitions.
- Maintain
  - Security
    - [Best Practices for TiDB Security Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/best-practices-for-security-configuration.md): Learn the best practices for TiDB security configuration to help mitigate potential security risks.
    - [Enable TLS Between TiDB Clients and Servers](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/enable-tls-between-clients-and-servers.md): Use secure connections to ensure data security.
    - [Enable TLS Between TiDB Components](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/enable-tls-between-components.md): Learn how to enable TLS authentication between TiDB components.
    - [Generate Self-signed Certificates](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/generate-self-signed-certificates.md): Use `openssl` to generate self-signed certificates.
    - [Encryption at Rest](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/encryption-at-rest.md): Learn how to enable encryption at rest to protect sensitive data.
    - [Enable Encryption for Disk Spill](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/enable-disk-spill-encrypt.md): Learn how to enable encryption for disk spill in TiDB.
    - [Log Redaction](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/log-redaction.md): Learn the log redaction in TiDB components.
  - Upgrade
    - [Use TiUP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/upgrade-tidb-using-tiup.md): Learn how to upgrade TiDB using TiUP.
    - [Use TiDB Operator](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb-in-kubernetes/stable/upgrade-a-tidb-cluster)
    - [TiDB Smooth Upgrade](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/smooth-upgrade-tidb.md): This document introduces the smooth upgrade feature of TiDB, which supports upgrading TiDB clusters without manually canceling DDL operations.
    - [Migrate and Upgrade a TiDB Cluster](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-upgrade-migration-guide.md): Learn how to migrate and upgrade a TiDB cluster using BR for full backup and restore, along with TiCDC for incremental data replication.
    - [TiFlash Upgrade Guide](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-upgrade-guide.md): Learn the precautions when you upgrade TiFlash.
  - Scale
    - [Use TiUP (Recommended)](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/scale-tidb-using-tiup.md): Learn how to scale the TiDB cluster using TiUP.
    - [Use TiDB Operator](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb-in-kubernetes/stable/scale-a-tidb-cluster)
  - Backup and Restore
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-overview.md): TiDB Backup & Restore (BR) ensures high availability of clusters and data safety. It supports disaster recovery with a short RPO, handles misoperations, and provides history data auditing. It is recommended to perform backup operations during off-peak hours and store backup data to compatible storage systems. BR supports full backup and log backup, as well as restoring data to any point in time. It is important to use BR of the same major version as the TiDB cluster for backup and restoration.
    - Architecture
      - [Architecture Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-design.md): TiDB supports backup and restore for cluster data using Backup & Restore (BR) and TiDB Operator. Tasks can be created to back up data from TiKV nodes and restore data to TiKV nodes. The architecture includes full data backup and restore, data change log backup, and point-in-time recovery (PITR). For details, refer to specific documents for each feature.
      - [Snapshot Backup and Restore Architecture](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-snapshot-architecture.md): TiDB Snapshot Backup and Restore Architecture introduces the process using a Backup & Restore (BR) tool. The architecture includes backup and restore processes, types of backup files, naming format, storage format, and structure of backup files. The backup process involves scheduling, data backup, and metadata backup. The restore process includes scheduling, schema restore, Region allocation, data restore, and reporting. The types of backup files include SST, backupmeta, and backup.lock files. The naming format and storage format of SST files are explained in detail. For more information, refer to the TiDB snapshot backup and restore guide.
      - [Log Backup and PITR Architecture](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-log-architecture.md): TiDB log backup and PITR architecture is introduced using a Backup & Restore (BR) tool as an example. The architecture includes log backup process design, system components, and key concepts. The PITR process involves restoring full backup data and log backup data. Log backup generates files such as log data, metadata, and global checkpoint.
    - Use BR
      - [Use Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-use-overview.md): TiDB Backup and Restore provides best practices for choosing backup methods, managing backup data, and deploying the tool. It recommends using both full and log backups, storing data in recommended storage systems, and setting backup retention periods. The tool can be deployed using the command-line tool, SQL statements, or TiDB Operator on Kubernetes. For detailed usage, refer to the provided documentation.
      - [Snapshot Backup and Restore Guide](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-snapshot-guide.md): This document describes how to back up and restore TiDB snapshots using the br command-line tool. It includes instructions for snapshot backup, restoring data of a specified time point, and restoring a database or table. The document also covers the performance and impact of snapshot backup and restore.
      - [Log Backup and PITR Guide](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-pitr-guide.md): TiDB Log Backup and PITR Guide explains how to back up and restore data using the br command-line tool. It includes instructions for starting log backup, running full backup regularly, and cleaning up outdated data. The guide also provides information on running PITR and the performance capabilities of PITR.
      - [Compact Log Backup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-compact-log-backup.md): Learn how to improve Point-in-time Recovery (PITR) efficiency by compacting log backups into the SST format.
      - [Use Cases](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-use-cases.md): TiDB provides snapshot and log backup solutions for specific use cases, such as timely data recovery and business audits. To use point-in-time recovery (PITR), deploy a TiDB cluster >= v6.2.0 and update BR to the same version as the TiDB cluster. Configure backup storage on Amazon S3 and set a backup policy to meet data loss and recovery requirements. Run log and snapshot backups, and use PITR to restore data to a specific time point. Clean up outdated data regularly. For detailed steps, refer to TiDB documentation.
      - [Backup Storages](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-storages.md): TiDB supports backup storage to Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob Storage, and NFS. You can specify the URI and authentication for different storage services. BR sends credentials to TiKV by default when using S3, GCS, or Azure Blob Storage. You can disable this for cloud environments. The URI format for each storage service is specified, along with authentication methods. Server-side encryption is supported for Amazon S3 and Azure Blob Storage. BR v6.3.0 also supports AWS S3 Object Lock.
    - BR CLI Manuals
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/use-br-command-line-tool.md): The `br` command-line tool is used for snapshot backup, log backup, and point-in-time recovery (PITR) in TiDB clusters. It consists of sub-commands, options, and parameters, with common options like `--pd` for PD service address and `-s` for storage path. Sub-commands include `tiup br backup`, `tiup br log`, and `tiup br restore`, each with specific functionalities. Backup commands include `full`, `db`, and `table` options, while log backup and restore commands have various tasks for managing backup operations.
      - [Snapshot Backup and Restore Command Manual](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-snapshot-manual.md): TiDB Snapshot Backup and Restore Command Manual describes commands for backing up and restoring cluster snapshots, databases, and tables. It also covers encrypting backup data and restoring encrypted snapshots. The BR tool supports self-adapting to GC and introduces the --ignore-stats parameter for backing up and restoring statistics. It also supports encrypting backup data and restoring partial data of specified databases or tables.
      - [Log Backup and PITR Command Manual](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-pitr-manual.md): Introduce the commands used in TiDB log backup and point-in-time recovery (PITR).
    - References
      - BR Features
        - [Backup Auto-Tune](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-auto-tune.md): TiDB v5.4.0 introduces the auto-tune feature for backup tasks, which is enabled by default. It limits the resources used by backup tasks to reduce their impact on the cluster. You can enable or disable the feature dynamically without restarting the cluster. However, auto-tune may not completely remove the impact of backup on the cluster due to limitations. Adjusting the number of threads used by backup tasks can help mitigate the impact in certain scenarios.
        - [Batch Create Table](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-batch-create-table.md): TiDB v6.0.0 introduces the Batch Create Table feature to speed up the table creation process during data restoration. It is enabled by default and creates tables in batches, significantly reducing the time for restoring data with a large number of tables. The feature test shows that the average speed of restoring one TiKV instance is as high as 181.65 MB/s.
        - [Checkpoint Backup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-checkpoint-backup.md): TiDB v6.5.0 introduces checkpoint backup feature to continue interrupted backups, reducing the need to start from scratch. It records backed up shards to resume backup progress, but relies on GC mechanism and may require some data to be backed up again. The `br` tool periodically updates `gc-safepoint` to avoid data being garbage collected, and can extend retention period if needed.
        - [Checkpoint Restore](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-checkpoint-restore.md): TiDB v7.1.0 introduces checkpoint restore, allowing interrupted snapshot and log restores to continue without starting from scratch. It records restored shards and table IDs, enabling retries to use the progress point close to the interruption. However, it relies on the GC mechanism and may require some data to be restored again. It's important to avoid modifying cluster data during the restore to ensure accuracy.
      - [Back up and Restore Data Using Dumpling and TiDB Lightning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-using-dumpling-lightning.md): Learn how to use Dumpling and TiDB Lightning to back up and restore full data of TiDB.
      - [Back Up and Restore RawKV](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/rawkv-backup-and-restore.md): TiKV and PD can form a KV database known as RawKV without TiDB. TiKV-BR supports data backup and restore for RawKV. For more details, visit the TiKV-BR User Docs on the TiKV website.
      - [Incremental Backup and Restore](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-incremental-guide.md): Incremental data is the differentiated data between starting and end snapshots, along with DDLs. It reduces backup volume and requires setting `tidb_gc_life_time` for incremental backup. Use `tiup br backup` with `--lastbackupts` for incremental backup and ensure all previous data is restored before restoring incremental data.
  - Cluster Disaster Recovery (DR)
    - [DR Solutions Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dr-solution-introduction.md): Learn about the disaster recovery solutions provided by TiDB, including disaster recovery based on primary and secondary clusters, disaster recovery based on multiple replicas in a single cluster, and disaster recovery based on backup and restore.
    - [Primary-Secondary DR](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dr-secondary-cluster.md): Learn how to implement primary-secondary disaster recovery based on TiCDC.
    - [Multi-Replica Cluster DR](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dr-multi-replica.md): Learn about the multi-replica disaster recovery solution for a single cluster.
    - [BR-based DR](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dr-backup-restore.md): Learn how to implement disaster recovery based on TiDB's backup and restore feature.
  - Resource Manager
    - [Use Resource Control to Achieve Resource Group Limitation and Flow Control](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-resource-control-ru-groups.md): Learn how to use the resource control feature to control and schedule application resources.
    - [Manage Runaway Queries](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-resource-control-runaway-queries.md): Introduces how to control and degrade queries with excessive resource consumption (Runaway Queries) through resource management capabilities.
    - [Manage Background Tasks](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-resource-control-background-tasks.md): Introduces how to control background tasks through Resource Control.
  - [Configure Time Zone](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/configure-time-zone.md): The time zone setting in TiDB is controlled by the `time_zone` system variable, which can be set at the session or global level. The displayed values of the `TIMESTAMP` data type are affected by the time zone setting, while the `DATETIME`, `DATE`, and `TIME` data types are not affected. For data migration, you need to pay special attention to whether the time zone settings of the primary database and the secondary database are consistent.
  - [Daily Checklist](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/daily-check.md): Learn about performance indicators of the TiDB cluster.
  - [Maintain TiFlash](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/maintain-tiflash.md): Learn common operations when you maintain a TiFlash cluster.
  - [Maintain TiDB Using TiUP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/maintain-tidb-using-tiup.md): Learn the common operations to operate and maintain a TiDB cluster using TiUP.
  - [Modify Configuration Dynamically](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dynamic-config.md): Learn how to dynamically modify the cluster configuration.
  - [Online Unsafe Recovery](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/online-unsafe-recovery.md): Learn how to use Online Unsafe Recovery.
  - [Replicate Data Between Primary and Secondary Clusters](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/replicate-between-primary-and-secondary-clusters.md): Learn how to replicate data from a primary cluster to a secondary cluster.
- Monitor and Alert
  - [Monitoring Framework Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-monitoring-framework.md): Use Prometheus, Grafana, and TiDB Dashboard to build the TiDB monitoring framework.
  - [Monitoring API](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-monitoring-api.md): Learn the API of TiDB monitoring services.
  - [Deploy Monitoring Services](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-monitoring-services.md): Learn how to deploy monitoring services for the TiDB cluster.
  - [Upgrade Monitoring Services](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/upgrade-monitoring-services.md): Learn how to upgrade the Prometheus, Grafana, and Alertmanager monitoring services for your TiDB cluster.
  - TiDB Dashboard
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-intro.md): TiDB Dashboard is a Web UI for monitoring, diagnosing, and managing the TiDB cluster. It shows overall running status, component and host status, traffic distribution, SQL statement execution information, slow queries, cluster diagnostics, log search, resource control, and profiling data collection.
    - Maintain
      - [Deploy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-ops-deploy.md): TiDB Dashboard is built into PD for v4.0 or higher. No additional deployment is needed. It can also be deployed independently on Kubernetes. When multiple PD instances are deployed, only one serves the Dashboard. Use `tiup cluster display` to check the serving instance. You can disable and re-enable the Dashboard using `tiup ctl`.
      - [Reverse Proxy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-ops-reverse-proxy.md): TiDB Dashboard can be safely exposed using a reverse proxy. To do this, get the actual TiDB Dashboard address and configure the reverse proxy using either HAProxy or NGINX. You can also customize the path prefix for the TiDB Dashboard service. To enhance security, consider configuring a firewall.
      - [User Management](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-user.md): TiDB Dashboard uses the same user privilege system as TiDB. SQL users need specific privileges to access the dashboard, including PROCESS, SHOW DATABASES, CONFIG, DASHBOARD_CLIENT, and more. It's recommended to create users with only the required privileges to prevent unintended operations. Users with high privileges can also sign in. To create a least-privileged SQL user, grant the necessary privileges and use role-based access control (RBAC) if needed.
      - [Secure](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-ops-security.md): TiDB Dashboard requires enhanced security measures, including setting a strong password for the root user, creating a least-privileged user, and using a firewall to block untrusted access. It is also recommended to use a reverse proxy and enable TLS for further security.
    - [Access](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-access.md): To access TiDB Dashboard, visit the specified URL in your browser. For multiple PD instances, replace the address with any PD instance address and port. Use Chrome, Firefox, or Edge browsers of newer versions. Sign in with the TiDB root account or a user-defined SQL user. The session remains valid for 24 hours. Switch between English and Chinese languages. To log out, click the user name and then the Logout button.
    - [Overview Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-overview.md): The TiDB overview page displays cluster QPS, latency, top SQL statements, recent slow queries, instance status, and monitor/alert links. Access it via TiDB Dashboard or left navigation menu. QPS and latency require Prometheus monitoring. Top SQL and slow queries need SQL Statements and slow query logs enabled. Instance status shows total and abnormal instances. Monitor and alert links lead to Grafana dashboard, AlertManager, and cluster diagnostics.
    - [Cluster Info Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-cluster-info.md): The TiDB Dashboard Cluster Information Page allows users to view the running status of TiDB, TiKV, PD, and TiFlash components in the entire cluster, as well as the running status of the host on which these components are located. Users can access the page by logging in to TiDB Dashboard and clicking on Cluster Info in the left navigation menu, or by visiting a specific URL in their browser. The page provides instance, host, and disk lists, showing detailed information about each component and its running status.
    - [Top SQL Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/top-sql.md): TiDB Dashboard Top SQL allows real-time monitoring and visualization of CPU overhead for SQL statements in your database. It helps optimize performance by identifying high CPU load statements and provides detailed execution information. It's suitable for analyzing performance issues and can be accessed through TiDB Dashboard or a browser. The feature has a slight impact on cluster performance and is now generally available for production use.
    - [Key Visualizer Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-key-visualizer.md): TiDB Dashboard's Key Visualizer page analyzes and troubleshoots traffic hotspots in the TiDB cluster. It visually shows traffic changes over time, and allows users to zoom in on specific time periods or region ranges. The page also provides settings to adjust brightness, select metrics, and refresh the heatmap. It identifies common heatmap types and offers solutions to address hotspot issues.
    - [Metrics Relation Graph](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-metrics-relation.md): TiDB Dashboard introduces a feature called metrics relation graph, which helps users understand the duration of each internal process in a TiDB cluster. After logging in, users can access the graph and see the proportion of each monitoring metric's duration to the total query duration. Each box area represents a monitoring metric and provides information such as the total duration and proportion to the total query duration. The graph also illustrates the parent-child relations between nodes, helping users understand the relations of each monitoring metric.
    - SQL Statements Analysis
      - [SQL Statements Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-statement-list.md): The SQL statements page in TiDB Dashboard shows the execution status of all SQL statements in the cluster. It allows users to analyze long-running SQL statements and provides options to access, filter, display more columns, sort, and change settings. The page also includes a feature to limit the number of stored SQL statements. For more details, visit the TiDB Dashboard documentation.
      - [SQL Details Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-statement-details.md): TiDB Dashboard provides detailed information on SQL statement execution, including SQL template overview, execution plan list, and plan binding feature. Starting from v6.6.0, fast plan binding allows quick binding and dropping of execution plans. However, it has limitations and requires SUPER privilege. The execution detail of plans includes SQL sample, complete execution plan information, and basic execution details. Visual representations of execution plans are available in table, text, and graph formats. Additional tabs provide information on execution time, Coprocessor read, transaction, and slow queries.
    - [Slow Queries Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-slow-query.md): TiDB Dashboard's Slow Queries page allows users to search and view slow queries in the cluster. Queries with an execution time over 300 milliseconds are considered slow. Users can adjust the threshold and access the page through the dashboard or a browser. They can also change filters, display more columns, export queries, and view execution details.
    - Cluster Diagnostics
      - [Access Cluster Diagnostics Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-diagnostics-access.md): TiDB Dashboard Cluster Diagnostics diagnoses cluster problems and summarizes results into a web page. Access the page through the dashboard or browser. Generate diagnostic and comparison reports for specified time ranges. Historical reports are also available.
      - [View Diagnostics Report](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-diagnostics-report.md): TiDB Dashboard Diagnostic Report introduces diagnostic report content, including basic, diagnostic, load, overview, monitoring, and configuration information. It also includes comparison report details, DIFF_RATIO explanation, and Maximum Different Item table.
      - [Use Diagnostics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-diagnostics-usage.md): TiDB Dashboard's diagnostic report helps locate problems by comparing system performance at different time ranges. It identifies issues like QPS decrease, latency increase, and slow queries, providing detailed analysis and SQL statements for further investigation. This comparison report is essential for quickly identifying and addressing performance issues.
    - [Monitoring Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-monitoring.md): The TiDB Dashboard Monitoring Page allows users to analyze performance efficiently and identify database bottlenecks. Key metrics include database time, SQL execution time, QPS, connection count, TiDB and TiKV CPU, duration, connection idle duration, parse, compile, and execute duration, TiDB KV request duration, TiKV gRPC duration, PD TSO wait/RPC duration, storage async write duration, store duration, apply duration, append log duration, commit log duration, and apply log duration.
    - [Search Logs Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-log-search.md): TiDB Dashboard log search page allows users to search logs, preview results, and download logs. Users can access the page after logging in, and specify time range, log level, keywords, and components for the search. The search result page displays parameter options, search progress, and search results. Users can download selected logs, cancel running tasks, and retry failed tasks. The search history list shows details of past searches and allows users to delete unnecessary history.
    - [Resource Manager Page](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-resource-manager.md): TiDB Dashboard Resource Manager Page helps cluster administrators implement resource isolation by creating resource groups and setting quotas. It provides methods to estimate cluster capacity and monitor resource consumption. Access the page through TiDB Dashboard or a browser. The page includes sections for configuration, capacity estimation, and metrics. Capacity estimation methods include hardware deployment and actual workload. Monitoring metrics include total RU consumed, RU consumed by resource groups, TiDB CPU quota and usage, TiKV CPU quota and usage, and TiKV IO MBps.
    - Instance Profiling
      - [Manual Profiling](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-profiling.md): Manual Profiling allows users to collect current performance data on demand for TiDB, TiKV, PD, and TiFlash instances. Experts can analyze resource consumption details like CPU and memory to pinpoint ongoing performance problems. Access the page through TiDB Dashboard or a browser. Start profiling by choosing target instances and modify the duration if needed. View real-time progress and download performance data after profiling is completed. View profiling history for detailed operations.
      - [Continuous Profiling](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/continuous-profiling.md): TiDB Dashboard Continuous Profiling allows experts to collect and analyze performance data continuously from each instance, helping to pinpoint and resolve sophisticated performance problems. It stores more data than Manual Profiling, enabling analysis of both current and historical issues. The feature can be accessed through the dashboard or a browser, and can be enabled and disabled as needed. Performance impact is minimal, making it suitable for production environments.
    - Session Management and Configuration
      - [Share Session](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-session-share.md): TiDB Dashboard allows users to share their current session with others, eliminating the need for a user password. The inviter can generate an authorization code with specific sharing settings and provide it to the invitee. The invitee can then use the authorization code to sign in without a password.
      - [Configure SSO](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-session-sso.md): TiDB Dashboard supports OIDC-based SSO for sign-in authentication. To enable SSO, fill OIDC Client ID and Discovery URL, authorize impersonation, and save the configuration. To disable SSO, deselect the option and update the configuration. If the SQL user password changes, re-enter it to enable SSO again. After configuration, sign in via SSO by clicking "Sign in via Company Account" and completing the sign-in process. Examples of using Okta, Auth0, and Casdoor for SSO configuration are provided.
    - [FAQ](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dashboard-faq.md): This document summarizes FAQs about TiDB Dashboard. It covers access-related, UI-related, and deployment issues, providing solutions for each problem. If further assistance is needed, support can be obtained from PingCAP or the community.
  - [Export Grafana Snapshots](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/exporting-grafana-snapshots.md): Learn how to export snapshots of Grafana Dashboard, and how to visualize these files.
  - [TiDB Cluster Alert Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/alert-rules.md): Learn the alert rules in a TiDB cluster.
  - [TiFlash Alert Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-alert-rules.md): Learn the alert rules of the TiFlash cluster.
  - [Customize Configurations of Monitoring Servers](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/customized-montior-in-tiup-environment.md): Learn how to customize the configurations of monitoring servers managed by TiUP
  - [BR Monitoring and Alert](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/br-monitoring-and-alert.md): This document describes monitoring and alert for backup and restore, including log backup monitoring, configuration, Grafana configuration, monitoring metrics, and log backup alerts. It covers the recommended alert items and their configurations for PITR.
- Troubleshoot
  - Issue Summary
    - [TiDB Troubleshooting Map](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-troubleshooting-map.md): Learn how to troubleshoot common errors in TiDB.
    - [Troubleshoot TiDB Cluster Setup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-tidb-cluster.md): Learn how to diagnose and resolve issues when you use TiDB.
    - [Troubleshoot TiFlash](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-tiflash.md): Learn common operations when you troubleshoot a TiFlash cluster.
  - Issue Scenarios
    - Slow Queries
      - [Identify Slow Queries](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/identify-slow-queries.md): Use the slow query log to identify problematic SQL statements.
      - [Analyze Slow Queries](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/analyze-slow-queries.md): Learn how to locate and analyze slow queries.
    - [TiDB OOM](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-tidb-oom.md): Learn how to diagnose and resolve TiDB OOM (Out of Memory) issues.
    - [Hotspot](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-hot-spot-issues.md): Learn how to locate and resolve read or write hotspot issues in TiDB.
    - [Increased Read and Write Latency](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-cpu-issues.md): Learn how to troubleshoot the issue of increased read and write latency.
    - [Write Conflicts in Optimistic Transactions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-write-conflicts.md): Learn about the reason of and solutions to write conflicts in optimistic transactions.
    - [High Disk I/O Usage](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-high-disk-io.md): Learn how to locate and address the issue of high TiDB storage I/O usage.
    - [Lock Conflicts](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-lock-conflicts.md): Learn to analyze and resolve lock conflicts in TiDB.
    - [Inconsistency Between Data and Indexes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-data-inconsistency-errors.md): Learn how to deal with errors reported by the consistency check between data and indexes.
  - Diagnostic Methods
    - [SQL Diagnostics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-sql-diagnostics.md): Understand SQL diagnostics in TiDB.
    - [Statement Summary Tables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/statement-summary-tables.md): Learn about Statement Summary Table in TiDB.
    - [Identify Expensive Queries Using Top SQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/top-sql.md): TiDB Dashboard Top SQL allows real-time monitoring and visualization of CPU overhead for SQL statements in your database. It helps optimize performance by identifying high CPU load statements and provides detailed execution information. It's suitable for analyzing performance issues and can be accessed through TiDB Dashboard or a browser. The feature has a slight impact on cluster performance and is now generally available for production use.
    - [Identify Expensive Queries Using Logs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/identify-expensive-queries.md): TiDB helps identify expensive queries by printing information about statements that exceed the execution time or memory usage threshold. This allows for diagnosing and improving SQL performance. The expensive query log includes details such as execution time, memory usage, user, database, and TiKV Coprocessor task information. This log differs from the slow query log as it prints information as soon as the statement exceeds the resource threshold.
    - [Save and Restore the On-Site Information of a Cluster](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-plan-replayer.md): Learn how to use PLAN REPLAYER to save and restore the on-site information of a cluster.
    - [Understanding Stale Read and safe-ts in TiKV](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-stale-read.md): Introduce the principles of Stale Read and safe-ts in TiKV and provide troubleshooting tips and examples for diagnosing common issues related to Stale Read.
  - [Support Resources](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/support.md): Find support resources if you encounter a problem using TiDB.
- Performance Tuning
  - Tuning Guide
    - [Performance Tuning Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/performance-tuning-overview.md): This document introduces the basic concepts of performance tuning, such as user response time, throughput, and database time, and also provides a general process for performance tuning.
    - [Configure TiDB for Optimal Performance](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-performance-tuning-config.md): Learn how to optimize TiDB performance by configuring key settings and addressing edge cases.
    - [A Practical Guide for SQL Tuning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-tuning-best-practice.md): Learn how to optimize SQL queries for better performance.
    - Tuning by Metrics
      - [Performance Analysis and Tuning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/performance-tuning-methods.md): Learn how to optimize database system based on database time and how to utilize the TiDB Performance Overview dashboard for performance analysis and tuning.
      - [Performance Tuning Practices for OLTP Scenarios](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/performance-tuning-practices.md): This document describes how to analyze and tune performance for OLTP workloads.
      - [TiFlash Performance Analysis Methods](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-performance-tuning-methods.md): Introduces the TiFlash metrics on the Performance Overview dashboard to help you better understand and monitor TiFlash workloads.
      - [TiCDC Performance Analysis Methods](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ticdc-performance-tuning-methods.md): Introduces the TiCDC metrics on the Performance Overview dashboard to help you better understand and monitor TiCDC workloads.
      - [Latency Breakdown](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/latency-breakdown.md): Introduce more details about TiDB latency and how to analyze latency in real use cases.
  - Configuration Tuning
    - [Tune Operating System Performance](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tune-operating-system.md): Learn how to tune the parameters of the operating system.
    - [Tune TiDB Memory](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/configure-memory-usage.md): Learn how to configure the memory quota of a query and avoid OOM (out of memory).
    - [Tune TiKV Threads](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tune-tikv-thread-performance.md): Learn how to tune TiKV thread pools for optimal performance.
    - [Tune TiKV Memory](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tune-tikv-memory-performance.md): Learn how to tune the TiKV parameters for optimal performance.
    - [TiKV Follower Read](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/follower-read.md): This document describes the use and implementation of Follower Read.
    - [TiKV MVCC In-Memory Engine](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tikv-in-memory-engine.md): Learn the applicable scenarios and working principles of the in-memory engine, and how to use the in-memory engine to accelerate queries for MVCC versions.
    - [Tune Region Performance](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tune-region-performance.md): Learn how to tune Region performance by adjusting the Region size and how to use buckets to optimize concurrent queries when the Region size is large.
    - [Tune TiFlash Performance](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tune-tiflash-performance.md): Learn how to tune the performance of TiFlash by planning machine resources and tuning TiDB parameters.
    - [Coprocessor Cache](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/coprocessor-cache.md): Learn the features of Coprocessor Cache.
    - Garbage Collection (GC)
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/garbage-collection-overview.md): Learn about Garbage Collection in TiDB.
      - [Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/garbage-collection-configuration.md): Learn about GC configuration parameters.
  - SQL Tuning
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-tuning-overview.md): SQL is a declarative language, meaning it describes the final result, not the steps to execute. TiDB optimizes execution and can execute parts of the query in any order. It's similar to GPS navigation, using statistics and live traffic data. Concepts include understanding query execution plans, SQL optimization, and controlling execution plans for better performance.
    - Understanding the Query Execution Plan
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-overview.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the `EXPLAIN` statement in TiDB.
      - [`EXPLAIN` Walkthrough](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-walkthrough.md): Learn how to use EXPLAIN by walking through an example statement
      - [Indexes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-indexes.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the EXPLAIN statement in TiDB.
      - [Joins](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-joins.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the EXPLAIN statement in TiDB.
      - [MPP Queries](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-mpp.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the EXPLAIN statement in TiDB.
      - [Subqueries](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-subqueries.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the EXPLAIN statement in TiDB.
      - [Aggregation](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-aggregation.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the `EXPLAIN` statement in TiDB.
      - [Views](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-views.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the `EXPLAIN` statement in TiDB.
      - [Partitions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-partitions.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the EXPLAIN statement in TiDB.
      - [Index Merge](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/explain-index-merge.md): Learn about the execution plan information returned by the `EXPLAIN` statement in TiDB.
    - SQL Optimization Process
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-optimization-concepts.md): Learn about the logical and physical optimization of SQL in TiDB.
      - Logic Optimization
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-logical-optimization.md): SQL Logical Optimization chapter explains key logic rewrites in TiDB query plan generation. For example, `IN` sub-query `t.a in (select t1.a from t1 where t1.b=t.b)` does not exist due to TiDB rewrites. Key rewrites include Subquery Related Optimizations, Column Pruning, Decorrelation of Correlated Subquery, Eliminate Max/Min, Predicates Push Down, Partition Pruning, TopN and Limit Operator Push Down, and Join Reorder.
        - [Subquery Related Optimizations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/subquery-optimization.md): Understand optimizations related to subqueries.
        - [Column Pruning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/column-pruning.md): Learn about the usage of column pruning in TiDB.
        - [Decorrelation of Correlated Subquery](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/correlated-subquery-optimization.md): Understand how to decorrelate correlated subqueries.
        - [Eliminate Max/Min](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/max-min-eliminate.md): Introduce the rules for eliminating Max/Min functions.
        - [Predicates Push Down](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/predicate-push-down.md): Introduce one of the TiDB's logic optimization rules—Predicate Push Down (PPD).
        - [Partition Pruning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/partition-pruning.md): Learn about the usage scenarios of TiDB partition pruning.
        - [TopN and Limit Push Down](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/topn-limit-push-down.md): Learn the implementation of TopN and Limit operator pushdown.
        - [Join Reorder](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/join-reorder.md): Use the Join Reorder algorithm to join multiple tables in TiDB.
        - [Derive TopN or Limit from Window Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/derive-topn-from-window.md): Introduce the optimization rule of deriving TopN or Limit from window functions and how to enable this rule.
      - Physical Optimization
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-physical-optimization.md): Physical optimization is a cost-based process that creates a physical execution plan for the logical execution plan. The optimizer selects the best physical implementation for each operator based on data statistics, time complexity, and resource consumption. This includes index selection, statistics collection, using the right index, distinct keyword optimization, and cost model for optimal execution plan selection.
        - [Index Selection](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/choose-index.md): Choose the best indexes for TiDB query optimization.
        - [Statistics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/statistics.md): Learn how the statistics collect table-level and column-level information.
        - [Extended Statistics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/extended-statistics.md): Learn how to use extended statistics to guide the optimizer.
        - [Wrong Index Solution](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/wrong-index-solution.md): Learn how to solve the wrong index issue.
        - [Distinct Optimization](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/agg-distinct-optimization.md): Introduce the `distinct` optimization in the TiDB query optimizer.
        - [Cost Model](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/cost-model.md): Learn how the cost model used by TiDB works during physical optimization.
        - [Runtime Filter](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/runtime-filter.md): Learn the working principles of Runtime Filter and how to use it.
      - [Prepared Execution Plan Cache](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-prepared-plan-cache.md): Learn about SQL Prepared Execution Plan Cache in TiDB.
      - [Non-Prepared Execution Plan Cache](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-non-prepared-plan-cache.md): Learn about the principle, usage, and examples of the SQL non-prepared execution plan cache in TiDB.
    - Control Execution Plans
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/control-execution-plan.md): This chapter introduces methods to control the generation of execution plans in TiDB. It includes using hints, SQL plan management, and the blocklist of optimization rules. Additionally, system variables and the `tidb_opt_fix_control` variable can be modified to control the execution plan. These methods help prevent performance regression caused by behavior changes in the optimizer after cluster upgrades.
      - [Optimizer Hints](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/optimizer-hints.md): Use Optimizer Hints to influence query execution plans
      - [SQL Plan Management](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-plan-management.md): Learn about SQL Plan Management in TiDB.
      - [The Blocklist of Optimization Rules and Expression Pushdown](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/blocklist-control-plan.md): Learn about the blocklist to control the optimization rules and the behavior of expression pushdown.
      - [Optimizer Fix Controls](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/optimizer-fix-controls.md): Learn about the Optimizer Fix Controls feature and how to use `tidb_opt_fix_control` to control the TiDB optimizer in a more fine-grained way.
    - [Index Advisor](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/index-advisor.md): Learn how to optimize query performance with TiDB Index Advisor.
- Tutorials
  - [Multiple Availability Zones in One Region Deployment](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/multi-data-centers-in-one-city-deployment.md): Learn the deployment solution to multiple availability zones in one region.
  - [Three Availability Zones in Two Regions Deployment](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/three-data-centers-in-two-cities-deployment.md): Learn the deployment solution to three availability zones in two regions.
  - [Two Availability Zones in One Region Deployment](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/two-data-centers-in-one-city-deployment.md): Learn the deployment solution of two availability zones in one region.
  - Read Historical Data
    - Use Stale Read (Recommended)
      - [Usage Scenarios of Stale Read](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/stale-read.md): Learn about Stale Read and its usage scenarios.
      - [Perform Stale Read Using `As OF TIMESTAMP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/as-of-timestamp.md): Learn how to read historical data using the `AS OF TIMESTAMP` statement clause.
      - [Perform Stale Read Using `tidb_read_staleness`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-read-staleness.md): Learn how to read historical data using the `tidb_read_staleness` system variable.
      - [Perform Stale Read Using `tidb_external_ts`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-external-ts.md): Learn how to read historical data using the `tidb_external_ts` variable.
    - [Use the `tidb_snapshot` System Variable](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/read-historical-data.md): Learn about how TiDB reads data from history versions using the system variable `tidb_snapshot`.
  - [Use Placement Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/configure-placement-rules.md): Learn how to configure Placement Rules.
  - [Use Load Base Split](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/configure-load-base-split.md): Learn the feature of Load Base Split.
  - [Use Store Limit](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/configure-store-limit.md): Learn the feature of Store Limit.
  - [Batch Processing](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/batch-processing.md): Introduce batch processing features in TiDB, including Pipelined DML, non-transactional DML, the `IMPORT INTO` statement, and the deprecated batch-dml feature.
  - Use PD Microservices
    - [PD Microservices Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pd-microservices.md): Learn how to enable the microservice mode of PD to improve service quality.
    - [Scale PD Microservice Nodes Using TiUP](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/scale-microservices-using-tiup.md): Learn how to scale PD microservice nodes in a cluster using TiUP and how to switch the PD working mode.
    - [TSO Configuration File](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tso-configuration-file.md): The TSO configuration file includes multiple configuration items such as node name, data path, and node URL.
    - [TSO Configuration Flags](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/command-line-flags-for-tso-configuration.md): The TSO configuration flags can be configured via command line flags or environment variables.
    - [Scheduling Configuration File](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/scheduling-configuration-file.md): The Scheduling configuration file includes multiple configuration items such as node name, data path, and node URL.
    - [Scheduling Configuration Flags](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/command-line-flags-for-scheduling-configuration.md): The scheduling configuration flags can be configured via command line flags or environment variables.
- TiDB Tools
  - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ecosystem-tool-user-guide.md): Learn the tools and applicable scenarios.
  - [Use Cases](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ecosystem-tool-user-case.md): Learn the common use cases of TiDB tools and how to choose the tools.
  - [Download](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/download-ecosystem-tools.md): Download the most officially maintained versions of TiDB tools.
  - TiUP
    - [Documentation Map](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-documentation-guide.md): Guide you through TiUP documentation with links and introductions.
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-overview.md): Introduce the TiUP tool and its ecosystem.
    - [Terminology and Concepts](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-terminology-and-concepts.md): Explain the terms and concepts of TiUP.
    - [Manage TiUP Components](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-management.md): Learn how to manage TiUP components using TiUP commands.
    - [FAQ](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-faq.md): Provide answers to common questions asked by TiUP users.
    - [Troubleshooting Guide](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-troubleshooting-guide.md): Introduce the troubleshooting methods and solutions if you encounter issues when using TiUP.
    - Command Reference
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-reference.md): TiUP is the package manager for the TiDB ecosystem, managing components like TiDB, PD, and TiKV. It supports commands like install, list, uninstall, update, status, clean, mirror, telemetry, completion, env, and help. It also manages the cluster and TiDB Data Migration (DM) cluster.
      - TiUP Commands
        - [tiup clean](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-clean.md): The "tiup clean" command clears data generated during component operation. The syntax is "tiup clean [name] [flags]", with the option to use "--all" to clear all operation records.
        - [tiup completion](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-completion.md): TiUP provides the `tiup completion` command to generate a configuration file for automatic command-line completion, supporting `bash` and `zsh` commands. To complete `bash` commands, install `bash-completion` and use the `tiup completion <shell>` syntax to set the shell type. For `bash`, write the command into a file and source it in `.bash_profile`. For `zsh`, use the `tiup completion zsh` command.
        - [tiup env](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-env.md): TiUP provides flexible and customized interfaces using environment variables. The `tiup env` command queries user-defined environment variables and their values. Use `tiup env [name1...N]` to view specified variables, or all by default. No options. Output is a list of "{key}"="{value}" if not specified, or the "{value}" list in order if specified. Empty value means TiUP uses default.
        - [tiup help](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-help.md): The TiUP command-line interface provides a wealth of help information, which can be accessed using the `help` command or the `--help` option. By using the `tiup help [command]` syntax, users can specify which command's help information they want to view. If no command is specified, the help information for TiUP is displayed. There are no options for this command, and the output will be the help information for the specified command or for TiUP.
        - [tiup install](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-install.md): The tiup install command is used to download and decompress component packages from the mirror repository for later use. If the component does not exist in the repository, it tries to download it and then runs it automatically. The syntax is "tiup install <component1>[:version] [component2...N] [flags]". There are no options, and the output includes download information or error messages if the component or version does not exist.
        - [tiup list](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-list.md): The `tiup list` command is used to get the list of available components of a mirror. It has options like `--all`, `--installed`, and `--verbose` to display all components, installed components, and component versions respectively. The output includes component information and version information based on the specified component.
        - tiup mirror
          - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror.md): TiUP mirror is a crucial concept in TiUP, supporting local and remote mirroring. The 'tiup mirror' command manages mirrors, creating, distributing components, and managing keys. The syntax is 'tiup mirror <command> [flags]'. Supported sub-commands include genkey, sign, init, set, grant, publish, modify, rotate, clone, and merge.
          - [tiup mirror clone](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-clone.md): The `tiup mirror clone` command is used to clone an existing mirror or its components to create a new mirror with a different signature key. The syntax is `tiup mirror clone <target-dir> [global version] [flags]`. Options include cloning the whole mirror, specifying platform and operating system, and matching component versions by prefix.
          - [tiup mirror genkey](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-genkey.md): TiUP mirror genkey is a command used to generate a private key for TiUP. It has options to specify the name of the key and to show the corresponding public key. The command also allows saving the public key information as a file. It is important not to transmit private keys over the Internet.
          - [tiup mirror grant](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-grant.md): The `tiup mirror grant` command is used to add a component owner to the current mirror. The owner needs to send their public key to the mirror administrator before being added. This command is only supported for local mirrors. The syntax is `tiup mirror grant <id>`. The options include specifying the key and name of the component owner. If successful, there is no output. If there are errors, TiUP reports the specific error.
          - [tiup mirror init](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-init.md): The `tiup mirror init` command initializes an empty mirror, generating root.json, 1.index.json, snapshot.json, and timestamp.json files. Use `tiup mirror init <path>` to specify a local directory for mirror files. Use the -k or --key-dir option to specify the directory for private key files. If the specified directory is not empty, an error will be reported.
          - [tiup mirror merge](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-merge.md): The `tiup mirror merge` command merges one or more mirrors to the current mirror. Conditions for execution include existing owner IDs and corresponding private keys.
          - [tiup mirror modify](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-modify.md): The tiup mirror modify command is used to modify published components. Only valid component owners can modify their published components. The syntax is "tiup mirror modify <component>[version] [flags]". Options include -k, --yank, --hide, and --standalone. If the command is executed successfully, there is no output. If the component owner is not authorized to modify the target component, TiUP reports an error.
          - [tiup mirror publish](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-publish.md): The `tiup mirror publish` command is used to publish new components or versions. Only component owners with access can publish.
          - [tiup mirror rotate](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-rotate.md): TiUP mirror rotate is used to update the root.json file in a TiUP mirror. It contains public keys, expiration date, and is signed by administrators. The command automates the update process and requires all administrators to sign the file. Before using the command, ensure all TiUP clients are upgraded to v1.5.0 or later.
          - [tiup mirror set](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-set.md): The `tiup mirror set` command switches the current mirror between local file system and remote network address. The official mirror address is `https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com`. Use `tiup mirror set <mirror-addr>` to set the mirror address. Use `-r, --root` option to specify the root certificate for network mirrors to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. No output is generated.
          - [tiup mirror sign](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-mirror-sign.md): The `tiup mirror sign` command is used to sign metadata files in TiUP mirror. It supports network addresses and local file paths. Options include specifying the private key location and setting the access timeout for network signing. Successful execution results in no output, while errors are reported for duplicate signing or invalid manifest files.
        - [tiup status](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-status.md): The "tiup status" command is used to view the operation information of the components after running them using the "tiup <component>" command. It shows the name, component, PID, status, created time, directory, binary, and arguments of the operating components. The component status can be Up, Down, Tombstone, Pending Offline, or Unknown. The status is derived from the PD scheduling information.
        - [tiup telemetry](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-telemetry.md): TiUP telemetry is now disabled by default in v1.11.3. Usage information is not collected or shared with PingCAP. When enabled, it shares telemetry identifiers and command execution status. It does not share cluster details. Use 'tiup telemetry' command to control telemetry with sub-commands like status, reset, enable, and disable.
        - [tiup uninstall](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-uninstall.md): The tiup uninstall command is used to uninstall installed components. It has options to uninstall all versions of a component and to uninstall TiUP itself. If the command exits without error, it outputs "Uninstalled component successfully!" If no version or --all is specified, it reports an error to use "tiup uninstall tidbx --all" to remove all versions.
        - [tiup update](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-command-update.md): The tiup update command is used to update installed components or TiUP itself. You can specify the component and version to update, use options like --all, --force, --nightly, or --self, and receive outputs for successful updates or unsupported versions.
      - TiUP Cluster Commands
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster.md): TiUP Cluster is a cluster management component of TiUP written in Golang. It is used for daily operations and maintenance, including deploying, starting, shutting down, destroying, elastic scaling, upgrading TiDB clusters, and managing TiDB cluster parameters. The syntax for using TiUP Cluster is "tiup cluster [command] [flags]". Supported commands include import, template, check, deploy, list, display, start, stop, restart, scale-in, scale-out, upgrade, prune, edit-config, reload, patch, rename, clean, destroy, audit, replay, enable, disable, meta backup, meta restore, and help.
        - [tiup cluster audit](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-audit.md): The tiup cluster audit command is used to view commands executed on all clusters in the history and the execution log of each command. If [audit-id] is specified, the corresponding execution log is output. If not specified, a table with fields ID, Time, and Command is output in reverse chronological order. The -h, --help option prints help information and is disabled by default.
        - [tiup cluster audit cleanup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-audit-cleanup.md): The `tiup cluster audit cleanup` command is used to clean up logs generated by the `tiup cluster` command. It has options to specify the number of days logs are retained and to print help information. The output confirms successful log cleaning.
        - [tiup cluster check](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-check.md): TiUP Cluster provides a `check` command to ensure hardware and software environments meet production requirements. It checks OS version, CPU support, time synchronization, system limits, and more. Options include automatic repair and enabling checks for CPU core number, memory size, and disk performance. Use `tiup cluster check <topology.yml | cluster-name> [flags]` command to perform checks. Use `--apply` to attempt automatic repair. Use `-N, --node` and `-R, --role` to specify nodes and roles to check. Use `--enable-cpu`, `--enable-disk`, and `--enable-mem` to enable specific checks.
        - [tiup cluster clean](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-clean.md): The `tiup cluster clean` command is used to reset a cluster in a test environment by stopping the cluster and deleting all data. It has options to clean data, logs, or both, and can ignore specific nodes or roles. Use with caution in a production environment.
        - [tiup cluster deploy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-deploy.md): The tiup cluster deploy command is used to deploy a new cluster with specified options such as cluster name, version, and topology file. Additional options include user, identity file, password, ignore config check, skip labels, skip create user, and help. The output is the deployment log.
        - [tiup cluster destroy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-destroy.md): The tiup cluster destroy command stops the cluster and deletes log, deployment, and data directories for each service. It also deletes parent directories created by tiup-cluster. Options include --force to ignore errors, --retain-node-data to specify nodes to retain data, --retain-role-data to specify roles to retain data, and -h or --help to print help information. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster disable](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-disable.md): The `tiup cluster disable` command is used to disable the auto-enabling of cluster service after restarting the machine. It executes `systemctl disable <service>` on the specified node. Options include -N for specifying nodes and -R for specifying roles. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster display](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-display.md): tiup cluster display command efficiently shows the operation status of each component in the cluster. It provides options to display dashboard information, node status, CPU and memory usage, and more. The output includes cluster name, version, SSH client type, dashboard address, and a table with node details. Node service status can be Up, Down, Tombstone, Pending Offline, or Unknown.
        - [tiup cluster edit-config](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-edit-config.md): The `tiup cluster edit-config` command allows you to modify the cluster configuration after deployment. You can use an editor to modify the topology file, specified in the `$EDITOR` environment variable. Note that you cannot add or delete machines when modifying the configuration. After executing the command, the configuration is modified only on the control machine, and you need to execute `tiup cluster reload` to reload the configuration.
        - [tiup cluster enable](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-enable.md): The `tiup cluster enable` command is used to automatically enable cluster services after a machine restart. It executes `systemctl enable <service>` at the specified node. Options include specifying nodes or roles for auto-enabling, and the `-h, --help` option prints help information. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster help](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-help.md): tiup-cluster provides help information for users in the command line interface. Use the `help` command or `--help` option to access it. Specify `[command]` to view help information for a specific command. The output is the help information of the specified command or tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster import](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-import.md): TiUP Cluster provides the `import` command to transfer TiDB clusters from TiDB Ansible to TiUP for management. Do not use `import` for clusters with certain configurations. Use options like `--dir` and `--rename` to customize the import process.
        - [tiup cluster list](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-list.md): tiup-cluster supports deploying multiple clusters using the same control machine. The `tiup cluster list` command outputs all clusters deployed by the currently logged-in user. The deployed cluster data is stored in the `~/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/` directory. Users can view the cluster name, deployment user, version, path, and private key used to connect the cluster.
        - [tiup cluster meta backup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-meta-backup.md): The TiUP meta file is crucial for cluster operation and maintenance. Use `tiup cluster meta backup` to regularly back up the file. Use `tiup dm list` to check the cluster name. Specify the target directory with `--file` option. Use `-h, --help` for help information. The output includes execution logs of tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster meta restore](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-meta-restore.md): To restore the TiUP meta file, use the `tiup cluster meta restore` command with cluster name and backup file path. The restore operation overwrites the current meta file, so it should only be done when the file is lost. The `-h` or `--help` option prints help information. The output includes the execution logs of tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster patch](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-patch.md): The `tiup cluster patch` command allows for dynamic replacement of binaries in a running cluster. It uploads the binary package, stops the target service, replaces the binary, and starts the service. Preparation involves packing the binary package and using options like `--overwrite`, `--transfer-timeout`, `-N, --node`, `-R, --role`, and `--offline`. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster prune](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-prune.md): When scaling in the cluster, TiUP does not immediately stop services or delete data for some components. You must wait for data scheduling to complete and then manually execute the 'tiup cluster prune' command to clean up. The syntax is 'tiup cluster prune <cluster-name> [flags]'. The option '-h, --help' prints help information and the output is the log of the cleanup process.
        - [tiup cluster reload](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-reload.md): The `tiup cluster reload` command is used to apply modified cluster configurations and restart services. It can be forced with `--force`, set a transfer timeout with `--transfer-timeout`, ignore config checks with `--ignore-config-check`, specify nodes with `-N, --node`, roles with `-R, --role`, and skip restart with `--skip-restart`. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster rename](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-rename.md): The `tiup cluster rename` command is used to change the cluster name after it has been deployed. Additional steps are required if the `dashboard_dir` field of `grafana_servers` is configured for the TiUP cluster. The syntax for the command is `tiup cluster rename <old-cluster-name> <new-cluster-name>`. The `-h, --help` option prints help information. The output is the execution log of the tiup-cluster.
        - [tiup cluster replay](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-replay.md): The `tiup cluster replay` command allows you to retry failed cluster operations and skip successfully performed steps. Use `tiup cluster replay <audit-id>` to retry the command with the specified audit ID. View audit IDs with `tiup cluster audit` command. The output is the result of the specified audit ID.
        - [tiup cluster restart](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-restart.md): The `tiup cluster restart` command is used to restart services in a specified cluster. During the restart, the services are unavailable. You can specify nodes or roles to be restarted using the `-N, --node` and `-R, --role` options. The output is the log of the service restart process.
        - [tiup cluster scale-in](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-scale-in.md): The `tiup cluster scale-in` command is used to scale in the cluster by taking specified nodes offline, removing them from the cluster, and deleting remaining files. Components like TiKV and TiFlash are handled asynchronously and require additional steps to check and clean up. The command also includes options for node specification, forceful removal, transfer timeout, and help information.
        - [tiup cluster scale-out](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-scale-out.md): The tiup cluster scale-out command is used to add new nodes to the cluster. It establishes an SSH connection to the new node, creates necessary directories, and updates the configuration. Options include -u for user, -i for identity file, -p for password, --no-labels to skip label check, --skip-create-user to skip user check, and -h for help. The output is the log of scaling out.
        - [tiup cluster start](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-start.md): The tiup cluster start command is used to start all or some services of a specified cluster. It has options like --init for safe start, -N for specifying nodes, -R for specifying roles, and -h for help. The output is the log of starting the service.
        - [tiup cluster stop](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-stop.md): The "tiup cluster stop" command is used to stop all or some services of a specified cluster. If the core services are stopped, the cluster cannot provide services anymore. The command syntax is "tiup cluster stop <cluster-name> [flags]". Options include -N/--node to specify nodes to be stopped, -R/--role to specify roles of nodes to be stopped, and -h/--help to print help information. The output is the log of stopping the service.
        - [tiup cluster template](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-template.md): The tiup cluster template command is used to prepare a topology file for cluster deployment. It has options to output default, detailed, local, or multi-dc topology templates. The output can be redirected to the topology file for deployment.
        - [tiup cluster tls](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-tls.md): The `tiup cluster tls` command is used to enable or disable TLS (Transport Layer Security) between cluster components.
        - [tiup cluster upgrade](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-cluster-upgrade.md): The tiup cluster upgrade command is used to upgrade a specified cluster to a specific version. It requires the cluster name and target version as input. Options include --force to ignore errors and start the cluster, --transfer-timeout to set maximum wait time for node migration, --ignore-config-check to skip configuration check, and --offline to replace binary files without restarting the cluster. The output is the log of the upgrading progress.
      - TiUP DM Commands
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm.md): TiUP DM is used to manage DM clusters, including deploying, starting, stopping, destroying, scaling, upgrading, and managing configuration parameters. It supports options like SSH, timeout, confirmation skipping, version printing, and help information. Supported commands include import, template, deploy, list, display, start, stop, restart, scale-in, scale-out, upgrade, prune, edit-config, reload, patch, destroy, audit, replay, enable, disable, and help.
        - [tiup dm audit](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-audit.md): The `tiup dm audit` command is used to view historical commands executed on all clusters and the execution log of each command. If `[audit-id]` is not filled, the table of operation records is output in reverse chronological order, showing the `audit-id`, execution time, and command. If `[audit-id]` is filled, the execution log of the specified `audit-id` is checked. The `-h, --help` option prints help information. If `[audit-id]` is specified, the corresponding execution log is output. If not specified, a table with the fields ID, Time, and Command is output.
        - [tiup dm deploy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-deploy.md): The `tiup dm deploy` command is used to deploy a new cluster. It requires the cluster name, version, and a prepared topology file. Optional flags include user, identity file, password, and help. The output is the deployment log.
        - [tiup dm destroy](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-destroy.md): The `tiup dm destroy` command stops the cluster, deletes log, deployment, and data directories for each service, and also deletes parent directories created by `tiup-dm`. The syntax is `tiup dm destroy <cluster-name> [flags]`. The option `-h, --help` prints help information. The output is the execution log of tiup-dm.
        - [tiup dm disable](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-disable.md): The `tiup dm disable` command is used to disable the auto-enabling of cluster service after restarting the machine. It can be used with options like `-N, --node` to specify nodes and `-R, --role` to specify roles for disabling auto-enabling. The output is the execution log of the tiup-dm command.
        - [tiup dm display](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-display.md): tiup dm display command efficiently checks the operational status of each component in a DM cluster. It requires the cluster name and can also specify node IDs and roles. The output includes cluster name, version, SSH client type, and a table with fields like ID, Role, Host, Ports, OS/Arch, Status, Data Dir, and Deploy Dir.
        - [tiup dm edit-config](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-edit-config.md): The `tiup dm edit-config` command allows you to modify the cluster service configuration after deployment. You can use an editor to modify the topology file of the specified cluster. Note that you cannot add or delete machines when modifying the configuration. After executing the command, the configuration is modified only on the control machine, and you need to execute the `tiup dm reload` command to reload the configuration.
        - [tiup dm enable](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-enable.md): The `tiup dm enable` command is used to enable the auto-enabling of cluster services after a machine restart. It executes `systemctl enable <service>` at the specified node. Options include specifying nodes or roles for auto-enabling. The output is the execution log of tiup-dm.
        - [tiup dm help](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-help.md): The tiup-dm command-line interface provides a wealth of help information, which can be accessed using the `help` command or the `--help` option. The syntax for accessing help is `tiup dm help [command] [flags]`, where `[command]` specifies the command for which help information is needed. The `-h` or `--help` option prints the help information. The output is the help information for the specified command or `tiup-dm`.
        - [tiup dm import](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-import.md): The `import` command in TiUP DM is used to upgrade DM clusters from v1.0 to v2.0 or later versions. It does not support importing DM Portal components from v1.0 clusters and requires stopping the original cluster before importing. The command only supports importing to DM v2.0.0-rc.2 and later versions and can be used to import a DM v1.0 cluster to a new DM v2.0 cluster. After importing, there is only one DM-master node in the cluster, and the deployment directories of some components might be different from those in the original cluster.
        - [tiup dm list](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-list.md): tiup-dm supports deploying multiple clusters using the same control machine. The "tiup dm list" command checks which clusters are deployed by the currently logged-in user. The data is stored in the ~/.tiup/storage/dm/clusters/ directory. The user can view the cluster name, deploying user, version, path, and private key.
        - [tiup dm patch](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-patch.md): Learn how to apply hotfix patches to DM clusters.
        - [tiup dm prune](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-prune.md): When scaling in the cluster, a small amount of metadata in etcd may not be cleaned up, but it usually doesn't cause any problems. If needed, you can manually execute the "tiup dm prune" command to clean up the metadata. The command syntax is "tiup dm prune <cluster-name> [flags]". The option "-h, --help" prints help information and the output is the log of the cleanup process.
        - [tiup dm reload](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-reload.md): The `tiup dm reload` command is used to apply modified cluster configurations and restart the service. It can specify nodes and roles to be restarted, or skip the restart process. The command also provides an option to print help information and outputs the execution log of tiup-dm.
        - [tiup dm replay](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-replay.md): The `tiup dm replay` command allows you to retry failed cluster operations and skip successfully performed steps. Use the `audit-id` of the command to be retried, which can be found using the `tiup dm audit` command. This helps save time when re-performing operations in a large cluster.
        - [tiup dm restart](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-restart.md): The `tiup dm restart` command is used to restart services in a specified cluster. During the restart, the services are unavailable. The syntax is `tiup dm restart <cluster-name> [flags]`. Options include -N for specifying nodes to restart, -R for specifying roles of nodes to restart, and -h for help information. The output is the log of the service restart process.
        - [tiup dm scale-in](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-scale-in.md): The tiup dm scale-in command is used to scale in the cluster by taking the service offline and removing the specified node from the cluster. The syntax is "tiup dm scale-in <cluster-name> [flags]". Options include -N, --force, and -h for specifying nodes, forcing removal of down nodes, and printing help information. The output is the log of scaling in.
        - [tiup dm scale-out](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-scale-out.md): The `tiup dm scale-out` command is used to scale out the cluster by establishing an SSH connection to the new node, creating necessary directories, deploying, and starting the service.
        - [tiup dm start](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-start.md): The tiup dm start command is used to start services of a specified cluster. The syntax is "tiup dm start <cluster-name> [flags]". Options include -N/--node to specify nodes, -R/--role to specify roles, and -h/--help to print help information. The output is the log of starting the service.
        - [tiup dm stop](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-stop.md): The `tiup dm stop` command is used to stop services in a specified cluster. You can specify nodes and roles to be stopped using the `-N, --node` and `-R, --role` options. The output is the log of stopping the service.
        - [tiup dm template](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-template.md): TiUP DM template command is used to output the built-in topology file template for cluster deployment. The default template includes 3 DM-master instances, 3 DM-worker instances, 1 Prometheus instance, 1 Grafana instance, and 1 Alertmanager instance. The --full option outputs a detailed topology template with configurable parameters. The output can be redirected to the topology file for deployment.
        - [tiup dm upgrade](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-component-dm-upgrade.md): The `tiup dm upgrade` command upgrades a specified cluster to a specific version. It requires the cluster name and target version as parameters. The `--offline` option allows for offline upgrades, and the `-h, --help` option prints help information. The output is a log of the service upgrade process.
    - [TiDB Cluster Topology Reference](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-cluster-topology-reference.md): TiUP uses a topology file to deploy or modify the cluster topology for TiDB. It also deploys monitoring servers like Prometheus, Grafana, and Alertmanager. The topology file contains sections for global configuration, monitoring services, component versions, and more. Each section specifies the machines to which the corresponding services are deployed and their configurations.
    - [DM Cluster Topology Reference](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-dm-topology-reference.md): To deploy or scale a TiDB Data Migration (DM) cluster using TiUP, a topology file is required to describe the cluster's global configuration, server configurations, master servers, worker servers, monitoring servers, Grafana servers, and Alertmanager servers. Each section contains specific fields for configuration. The topology file structure includes global, server_configs, master_servers, worker_servers, monitoring_servers, grafana_servers, and alertmanager_servers. Each section has its own set of configurable fields for deployment and configuration.
    - [Mirror Reference Guide](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-mirror-reference.md): Learn the general information of TiUP mirrors.
    - TiUP Components
      - [tiup-playground](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-playground.md): Learn how to quickly deploy a local TiDB cluster using the playground component of TiUP.
      - [tiup-cluster](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-cluster.md): Learns how to deploy and maintain an online TiDB cluster using TiUP.
      - [No-sudo Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-cluster-no-sudo-mode.md): Learn how to deploy and maintain an online TiDB cluster using the TiUP no-sudo mode.
      - [tiup-mirror](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-mirror.md): Learn how to create a private mirror.
      - [tiup-bench](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiup-bench.md): Learn how to stress test TiDB with TPC-C, TPC-H, CH, RawSQL, and YCSB workloads using TiUP.
  - [TiDB Operator](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-operator-overview.md): Learn about TiDB Operator, the automatic operation system for TiDB clusters on Kubernetes.
  - TiDB Data Migration
    - [About TiDB Data Migration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-overview.md): Learn about the Data Migration tool, the architecture, the key components, and features.
    - [Architecture](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-arch.md): Data Migration (DM) architecture consists of three components: DM-master, DM-worker, and dmctl. DM-master manages data migration tasks, DM-worker executes specific tasks, and dmctl is a command line tool for cluster control. High availability is achieved through multiple DM-master nodes and automatic task scheduling. Full export and import tasks do not support high availability due to limitations in MySQL and DM-worker.
    - [Quick Start](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-with-dm.md): Learn how to quickly set up a data migration environment using TiUP Playground.
    - [Best Practices](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-best-practices.md): Learn about best practices when you use TiDB Data Migration (DM) to migrate data.
    - Deploy a DM cluster
      - [Hardware and Software Requirements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-hardware-and-software-requirements.md): Learn the software and hardware requirements for DM cluster.
      - [Use TiUP (Recommended)](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-a-dm-cluster-using-tiup.md): Learn how to deploy TiDB Data Migration using TiUP DM.
      - [Use TiUP Offline](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-a-dm-cluster-using-tiup-offline.md): Introduce how to deploy a DM cluster offline using TiUP.
      - [Use Binary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-a-dm-cluster-using-binary.md): Learn how to deploy a Data Migration cluster using DM binary.
      - [Use Kubernetes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb-in-kubernetes/v1.6/deploy-tidb-dm)
    - Tutorials
      - [Create a Data Source](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-create-source.md): Learn how to create a data source for Data Migration (DM).
      - [Manage Data Sources](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-manage-source.md): Learn how to manage upstream MySQL instances in TiDB Data Migration.
      - [Configure Tasks](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-task-configuration-guide.md): Learn how to configure a data migration task in Data Migration (DM).
      - [Shard Merge](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-shard-merge.md): Learn the shard merge feature of DM.
      - [Table Routing](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-table-routing.md): Learn the usage and precautions of table routing in DM.
      - [Block and Allow Lists](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-block-allow-table-lists.md): Learn how to use the DM block and allow lists feature.
      - [Binlog Event Filter](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-binlog-event-filter.md): Learn how to use the binlog event filter feature of DM.
      - [Filter DMLs Using SQL Expressions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/feature-expression-filter.md): In incremental data migration, you can filter binlog events using SQL expressions. DM supports filtering data during migration using binlog value filter since v2.0.5. You can configure SQL expressions based on the values in binlog events to determine whether to migrate a row change downstream. For detailed operation and implementation, refer to "Filter DML Events Using SQL Expressions".
      - [Online DDL Tool Support](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-online-ddl-tool-support.md): Learn about the support for common online DDL tools, usage, and precautions in DM.
      - [Customize a Secret Key for Encryption and Decryption](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-customized-secret-key.md): Learn how to customize a secret key to encrypt and decrypt passwords used in the DM（Data Migration）data source and migration task configurations.
      - Manage a Data Migration Task
        - [Precheck a Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-precheck.md): Learn the precheck that DM performs before starting a migration task.
        - [Create a Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-create-task.md): Learn how to create a data migration task in TiDB Data Migration.
        - [Query Status](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-query-status.md): Learn how to query the status of a data replication task.
        - [Pause a Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-pause-task.md): Learn how to pause a data migration task in TiDB Data Migration.
        - [Resume a Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-resume-task.md): Learn how to resume a data migration task.
        - [Stop a Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-stop-task.md): Learn how to stop a data migration task.
    - Advanced Tutorials
      - Merge and Migrate Data from Sharded Tables
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/feature-shard-merge.md): Learn how DM merges and migrates data from sharded tables.
        - [Pessimistic Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/feature-shard-merge-pessimistic.md): Learn how DM merges and migrates data from sharded tables in the pessimistic mode.
        - [Optimistic Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/feature-shard-merge-optimistic.md): Learn how DM merges and migrates data from sharded tables in the optimistic mode.
        - [Manually Handle Sharding DDL Lock](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/manually-handling-sharding-ddl-locks.md): Learn how to handle sharding DDL locks manually in DM.
      - [Migrate from MySQL Databases that Use GH-ost/PT-osc](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/feature-online-ddl.md): This document introduces the `online-ddl/online-ddl-scheme` feature of DM.
      - [Migrate Data to a Downstream TiDB Table with More Columns](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-with-more-columns-downstream.md): Learn how to migrate data to a downstream TiDB table with more columns than the corresponding upstream table.
      - [Continuous Data Validation](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-continuous-data-validation.md): Learn how to use continuous data validation and the working principles of continuous data validation.
    - Maintain
      - Cluster Upgrade
        - [Maintain DM Clusters Using TiUP (Recommended)](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/maintain-dm-using-tiup.md): Learn how to maintain a DM cluster using TiUP.
        - [Manually Upgrade from v1.0.x to v2.0+](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/manually-upgrade-dm-1.0-to-2.0.md): Learn how to manually upgrade TiDB data migration from v1.0.x to v2.0+.
      - Tools
        - [Manage Using WebUI](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-webui-guide.md): Learn how to use WebUI to manage DM migration tasks.
        - [Manage Using dmctl](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dmctl-introduction.md): Learn how to maintain a DM cluster using dmctl.
      - Performance Tuning
        - [Benchmarks](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-benchmark-v5.4.0.md): Learn about the performance of 5.4.0.
        - [Optimize Configurations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-tune-configuration.md): Learn how to optimize the configuration of the data migration task to improve the performance of data migration.
        - [Test DM Performance](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-performance-test.md): Learn how to test the performance of DM clusters.
        - [Handle Performance Issues](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-handle-performance-issues.md): Learn about common performance issues that might exist in DM and how to deal with them.
      - Manage Data Sources
        - [Switch the MySQL Instance to Be Migrated](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/usage-scenario-master-slave-switch.md): Learn how to switch the DM-worker connection between upstream MySQL instances.
      - Manage Tasks
        - [Handle Failed DDL Statements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/handle-failed-ddl-statements.md): Learn how to handle failed DDL statements when you're using the TiDB Data Migration tool to migrate data.
        - [Manage Schemas of Tables to be Migrated](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-manage-schema.md): Learn how to manage the schema of the table to be migrated in DM.
      - [Export and Import Data Sources and Task Configurations of Clusters](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-export-import-config.md): Learn how to export and import data sources and task configuration of clusters when you use DM.
      - [Handle Alerts](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-handle-alerts.md): Understand how to deal with the alert information in DM.
      - [Daily Check](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-daily-check.md): Learn about the daily check of TiDB Data Migration (DM).
    - Reference
      - Architecture
        - [DM-worker](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-worker-intro.md): Learn the features of DM-worker.
        - [Safe Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-safe-mode.md): Introduces the DM safe mode, its purpose, working principles and how to use it.
        - [Relay Log](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/relay-log.md): Learn the directory structure, initial migration rules and data purge of DM relay logs.
        - [DDL Handling](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-ddl-compatible.md): Learn how DM parses and handles DDL statements according to the statement types.
      - Mechanism
        - [DML Replication Mechanism](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-replication-logic.md): Learn how the core processing unit Sync in DM replicates DML statements.
      - Command Line
        - [DM-master & DM-worker](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-command-line-flags.md): Learn about the command-line flags in DM.
      - Configuration Files
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-config-overview.md): This document gives an overview of Data Migration configuration files.
        - [Upstream Database Configurations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-source-configuration-file.md): Learn the configuration file of the upstream database
        - [Task Configurations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/task-configuration-file-full.md): This document introduces the advanced task configuration file of Data Migration (DM), covering global and instance configuration. The global configuration includes basic and feature settings, while the instance configuration defines subtasks for data migration from one or multiple MySQL instances in the upstream to the same instance in the downstream.
        - [DM-master Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-master-configuration-file.md): Learn the configuration file of DM-master.
        - [DM-worker Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-worker-configuration-file.md): Learn the configuration file of DM-worker.
        - [Table Selector](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-selector.md): Learn about Table Selector used by the table routing, binlog event filtering, and column mapping rule of Data Migration.
      - [OpenAPI](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-open-api.md): Learn about how to use OpenAPI interface to manage the cluster status and data replication.
      - [Compatibility Catalog](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-compatibility-catalog.md): This document describes the compatibility of TiDB Data Migration (DM) with upstream and downstream databases.
      - Secure
        - [Enable TLS for DM Connections](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-enable-tls.md): Learn how to enable TLS for DM connections.
        - [Generate Self-signed Certificates](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-generate-self-signed-certificates.md): Use `openssl` to generate self-signed certificates.
      - Monitoring and Alerts
        - [Monitoring Metrics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-a-dm-cluster.md): Learn about the monitoring metrics when you use Data Migration to migrate data.
        - [Alert Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-alert-rules.md): Introduce the alert information of DM.
      - [Error Codes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-error-handling.md#handle-common-errors): Learn about the error system and how to handle common errors when you use DM.
      - [Glossary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-glossary.md): Learn the terms used in TiDB Data Migration.
      - Example
        - [Migrate Data Using DM](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migrate-data-using-dm.md): Use the Data Migration tool to migrate the full data and the incremental data.
        - [Create a Data Migration Task](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-create-task.md): Learn how to create a migration task after the DM cluster is deployed.
        - [Best Practices of Data Migration in the Shard Merge Scenario](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/shard-merge-best-practices.md): Learn the best practices of data migration in the shard merge scenario.
      - Troubleshoot
        - [FAQ](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-faq.md): Learn about frequently asked questions (FAQs) about TiDB Data Migration (DM).
        - [Handle Errors](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-error-handling.md): Learn about the error system and how to handle common errors when you use DM.
      - [Release Notes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-release-notes.md): TiDB Data Migration Release Notes have been merged into TiDB Release Notes since DM v5.4. For DM Release Notes of v5.4 or later, see the corresponding TiDB Release Notes. For DM Release Notes of v5.3.0 or earlier, refer to the provided links for versions 5.3, 2.0, and 1.0.
  - TiDB Lightning
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-overview.md): Learn about Lightning and the whole architecture.
    - [`IMPORT INTO` vs. TiDB Lightning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/import-into-vs-tidb-lightning.md): Learn about the differences between `IMPORT INTO` and TiDB Lightning.
    - [Compatibility of TiDB Lightning and `IMPORT INTO` with TiCDC and Log Backup](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-compatibility-and-scenarios.md): Learn about compatibility of IMPORT INTO and TiDB Lightning with log backup and TiCDC.
    - [Get Started](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/get-started-with-tidb-lightning.md): TiDB Lightning is a tool for importing MySQL data into a TiDB cluster. It is recommended for test and trial purposes only, not for production or development environments. The process involves preparing full backup data, deploying the TiDB cluster, installing TiDB Lightning, starting TiDB Lightning, and checking data integrity. For detailed features and usage, refer to the TiDB Lightning Overview.
    - [Deploy TiDB Lightning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-tidb-lightning.md): Deploy TiDB Lightning to quickly import large amounts of new data.
    - [Target Database Requirements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-requirements.md): Learn prerequisites for running TiDB Lightning.
    - Data Sources
      - [Data Match Rules](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [Rename databases and tables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#rename-databases-and-tables): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [CSV](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#csv): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [SQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#sql): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [Parquet](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#parquet): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [Compressed files](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#compressed-files): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [Customized File](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#match-customized-files): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
      - [Import data from Amazon S3](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-data-source.md#import-data-from-amazon-s3): Learn all the data sources supported by TiDB Lightning.
    - Physical Import Mode
      - [Requirements and Limitations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-physical-import-mode.md): Learn about the physical import mode in TiDB Lightning.
      - [Use Physical Import Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-physical-import-mode-usage.md): Learn how to use the physical import mode in TiDB Lightning.
    - Logical Import Mode
      - [Requirements and Limitations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-logical-import-mode.md): Learn about the logical import mode in TiDB Lightning.
      - [Use Logical Import Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-logical-import-mode-usage.md): Learn how to use the logical import mode in TiDB Lightning.
    - [Prechecks](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-prechecks.md): This document describes the checks that TiDB Lightning performs before performing a data migration task. These precheckes ensure that TiDB Lightning can perform the task smoothly.
    - [Table Filter](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-filter.md): Usage of table filter feature in TiDB tools.
    - [Checkpoints](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-checkpoints.md): Use checkpoints to avoid redoing the previously completed tasks before the crash.
    - [Import Data in Parallel](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-distributed-import.md): Learn the concept, user scenarios, usages, and limitations of importing data in parallel when using TiDB Lightning.
    - [Error Resolution](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-error-resolution.md): Learn how to resolve type conversion and duplication errors during data import.
    - [Troubleshooting](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-tidb-lightning.md): Learn the common problems you might encounter when you use TiDB Lightning and their solutions.
    - Reference
      - [Configuration File](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-configuration.md): Learn about the CLI usage and sample configuration in TiDB Lightning.
      - [Command Line Flags](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-command-line-full.md): Learn how to configure TiDB Lightning using command line flags.
      - [Monitoring](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-tidb-lightning.md): Learn about the monitor configuration and monitoring metrics of TiDB Lightning.
      - [Web Interface](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-web-interface.md): Control TiDB Lightning through the web interface.
      - [FAQ](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-faq.md): Learn about the frequently asked questions (FAQs) and answers about TiDB Lightning.
      - [Glossary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-lightning-glossary.md): List of special terms used in TiDB Lightning.
  - [Dumpling](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dumpling-overview.md): Use the Dumpling tool to export data from TiDB.
  - PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Service
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/clinic-introduction.md): PingCAP Clinic is a diagnostic service for TiDB clusters deployed using TiUP or TiDB Operator. It helps troubleshoot cluster problems remotely, ensures stable operation, and provides quick cluster status checks. The service includes Diag client for data collection and Clinic Server for online diagnostic reports. Users can troubleshoot problems remotely and quickly check cluster status. Diag collects diagnostic data through various methods, and Clinic Server has limitations on clusters, storage, and data size. The service is free until April 15, 2025. Next steps include using PingCAP Clinic in different environments.
    - [Quick Start](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/quick-start-with-clinic.md): PingCAP Clinic is a service for collecting and viewing cluster diagnosis data quickly. It consists of Diag client and Clinic Server. Users can collect diagnostic data with Diag, upload it to Clinic Server, and view the results of Health Report. Before using it, users need to install Diag, log in to Clinic Server, create an organization, get an access token, and set the token and region in Diag. After collecting and uploading data, users can get the data access link and view the Health Report.
    - [Troubleshoot Clusters Using PingCAP Clinic](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/clinic-user-guide-for-tiup.md): PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Service (PingCAP Clinic) helps troubleshoot TiDB and DM clusters deployed using TiUP. It allows remote troubleshooting and local cluster status checks using Diag client and Clinic Server. Prerequisites include installing Diag, setting an access token, and configuring the region. Troubleshooting remotely involves collecting, viewing, and uploading diagnostic data. Performing a quick check on the cluster status locally involves collecting and diagnosing configuration data. Data upload supports breakpoint upload, and uploaded data is kept on the Clinic Server for a maximum of 180 days.
    - [PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Data](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/clinic-data-instruction-for-tiup.md): PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Service collects diagnostic data from TiDB and DM clusters using TiUP. Data types include cluster information, diagnostic data for TiDB, TiKV, PD, TiFlash, TiCDC, Prometheus monitoring, system variables, and node system information. Data is stored in Clinic Server for international and Chinese mainland users. The collected data is only used for troubleshooting cluster problems.
  - sync-diff-inspector
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sync-diff-inspector-overview.md): Use sync-diff-inspector to compare data and repair inconsistent data.
    - [Data Check for Tables with Different Schema/Table Names](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/route-diff.md): Learn the data check for different database names or table names.
    - [Data Check in the Sharding Scenario](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/shard-diff.md): Learn the data check in the sharding scenario.
    - [Data Check in the DM Replication Scenario](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/dm-diff.md): Learn about how to set a specific `task-name` configuration from `DM-master` to perform a data check.
  - TiProxy
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-overview.md): Learn the main features, installation, and usage of TiProxy.
    - [Load Balancing Policies](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-load-balance.md): Introduce the load balancing policies in TiProxy and their applicable scenarios.
    - [Traffic Replay](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-traffic-replay.md): Introduce the use cases and steps for the TiProxy traffic replay feature.
    - [Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-configuration.md): Learn how to configure TiProxy.
    - [Command Line Parameters](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-command-line-flags.md): Learn the command-line startup flags of TiProxy.
    - [Monitoring Metrics](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-grafana.md): Learn the monitoring items of TiProxy.
    - [API](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-api.md): Learn how to use the TiProxy API to access its configuration, health status, and monitoring data.
    - [Troubleshooting](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/troubleshoot-tiproxy.md): Learn some common problems, causes, and solutions for TiProxy.
    - [Performance Test](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiproxy-performance-test.md): Learn the performance of TiProxy and the comparison with HAProxy.
- Reference
  - Cluster Architecture
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-architecture.md): The key architecture components of the TiDB platform
    - [Storage](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-storage.md): Understand the storage layer of a TiDB database.
    - [Computing](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-computing.md): Understand the computing layer of the TiDB database.
    - [Scheduling](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-scheduling.md): Introduces the PD scheduling component in a TiDB cluster.
    - [TSO](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tso.md): Learn about TimeStamp Oracle (TSO) in TiDB.
  - Storage Engine - TiKV
    - [TiKV Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tikv-overview.md): An overview of the TiKV storage engine.
    - [RocksDB Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/rocksdb-overview.md): Learn the basic concepts and working principles of RocksDB.
    - [Titan Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/titan-overview.md): Learn the overview of the Titan storage engine.
    - [Titan Configuration](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/titan-configuration.md): Learn how to configure Titan.
    - [Partitioned Raft KV](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/partitioned-raft-kv.md): Learn about the partitioned Raft KV feature of TiKV.
  - Storage Engine - TiFlash
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-overview.md): Learn the architecture and key features of TiFlash.
    - [Create TiFlash Replicas](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/create-tiflash-replicas.md): Learn how to create TiFlash replicas.
    - [Use TiDB to Read TiFlash Replicas](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/use-tidb-to-read-tiflash.md): Learn how to use TiDB to read TiFlash replicas.
    - [Use MPP Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/use-tiflash-mpp-mode.md): Learn the MPP mode of TiFlash and how to use it.
    - [Use FastScan](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/use-fastscan.md): Introduces a way to speed up querying in OLAP scenarios by using FastScan.
    - [Disaggregated Storage and Compute Architecture and S3 Support](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-disaggregated-and-s3.md): Learn about TiFlash disaggregated storage and compute architecture and S3 Support.
    - [Supported Push-down Calculations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-supported-pushdown-calculations.md): Learn the push-down calculations supported by TiFlash.
    - [TiFlash Query Result Materialization](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-results-materialization.md): Learn how to save the query results of TiFlash in a transaction.
    - [TiFlash Late Materialization](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-late-materialization.md): Describe how to use the TiFlash late materialization feature to accelerate queries in OLAP scenarios.
    - [Spill to Disk](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-spill-disk.md): Learn how TiFlash spills data to disk and how to customize the spill behavior.
    - [Data Validation](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-data-validation.md): Learn the data validation mechanism and tools for TiFlash.
    - [MinTSO Scheduler](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-mintso-scheduler.md): Learn the implementation principles of the TiFlash MinTSO Scheduler.
    - [Compatibility](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-compatibility.md): Learn the TiDB features that are incompatible with TiFlash.
    - [Pipeline Execution Model](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-pipeline-model.md): Learn about the TiFlash Pipeline Execution Model.
  - TiDB Distributed eXecution Framework (DXF)
    - [Introduction](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-distributed-execution-framework.md): Learn the use cases, limitations, usage, and implementation principles of the TiDB Distributed eXecution Framework (DXF).
    - [TiDB Global Sort](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-global-sort.md): Learn the use cases, limitations, usage, and implementation principles of the TiDB Global Sort.
  - [System Variables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/system-variables.md): Use system variables to optimize performance or alter running behavior.
  - [System Variable Reference](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/system-variable-reference.md): A list of all TiDB system variables and their references in the documentation.
  - [Server Status Variables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/status-variables.md): Use status variables to see the system and session status
  - Configuration File Parameters
    - [tidb-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-configuration-file.md): Learn the TiDB configuration file options that are not involved in command line options.
    - [tikv-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tikv-configuration-file.md): Learn the TiKV configuration file.
    - [tiflash-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-configuration.md): Learn how to configure TiFlash.
    - [pd-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pd-configuration-file.md): Learn the PD configuration file.
  - CLI
    - [tikv-ctl](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tikv-control.md): Use TiKV Control to manage a TiKV cluster.
    - [pd-ctl](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pd-control.md): Use PD Control to obtain the state information of a cluster and tune a cluster.
    - [tidb-ctl](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-control.md): Use TiDB Control to obtain TiDB status information for debugging.
    - [pd-recover](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pd-recover.md): Use PD Recover to recover a PD cluster which cannot start or provide services normally.
  - Command Line Flags
    - [tidb-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/command-line-flags-for-tidb-configuration.md): Learn the configuration options in TiDB.
    - [tikv-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/command-line-flags-for-tikv-configuration.md): Learn some configuration flags of TiKV.
    - [tiflash-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tiflash-command-line-flags.md): Learn the command-line startup flags of TiFlash.
    - [pd-server](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/command-line-flags-for-pd-configuration.md): Learn some configuration flags of PD.
  - Key Monitoring Metrics
    - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-overview-dashboard.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana Overview dashboard.
    - [Performance Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-performance-overview-dashboard.md): Learn key metrics displayed on the Performance Overview dashboard.
    - [TiDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-tidb-dashboard.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana TiDB dashboard.
    - [PD](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-pd-dashboard.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana PD dashboard.
    - [TiKV](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-tikv-dashboard.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana TiKV dashboard.
    - [TiFlash](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-tiflash.md): Learn the monitoring items of TiFlash.
    - [TiCDC](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-ticdc.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana TiCDC dashboard.
    - [Resource Control](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/grafana-resource-control-dashboard.md): Learn some key metrics displayed on the Grafana Resource Control dashboard.
  - Privileges
    - [Security Compatibility with MySQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/security-compatibility-with-mysql.md): Learn TiDB's security compatibilities with MySQL.
    - [Privilege Management](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/privilege-management.md): Learn how to manage the privilege.
    - [User Account Management](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/user-account-management.md): Learn how to manage a TiDB user account.
    - [TiDB Password Management](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/password-management.md): Learn the mechanism of user password management in TiDB.
    - [Role-Based Access Control](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/role-based-access-control.md): This document introduces TiDB RBAC operations and implementation.
    - [Certificate-Based Authentication](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/certificate-authentication.md): Learn the certificate-based authentication used for login.
  - SQL
    - SQL Language Structure and Syntax
      - Attributes
        - [AUTO_INCREMENT](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/auto-increment.md): Learn the `AUTO_INCREMENT` column attribute of TiDB.
        - [AUTO_RANDOM](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/auto-random.md): Learn the AUTO_RANDOM attribute.
        - [SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/shard-row-id-bits.md): Learn the SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS attribute.
      - [Literal Values](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/literal-values.md): This article introduces the literal values ​​of TiDB SQL statements.
      - [Schema Object Names](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/schema-object-names.md): Learn about schema object names in TiDB SQL statements.
      - [Keywords and Reserved Words](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/keywords.md): Keywords and Reserved Words
      - [User-Defined Variables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/user-defined-variables.md): Learn how to use user-defined variables.
      - [Expression Syntax](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/expression-syntax.md): Learn about the expression syntax in TiDB.
      - [Comment Syntax](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/comment-syntax.md): This document introduces the comment syntax supported by TiDB.
    - SQL Statements
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-overview.md): Learn about supported SQL statements in TiDB.
      - [`ADMIN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN ALTER DDL JOBS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-alter-ddl.md): An overview of the usage of `ADMIN ALTER DDL JOBS` for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN CANCEL DDL`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-cancel-ddl.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN CANCEL DDL for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN CHECKSUM TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-checksum-table.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN CHECK [TABLE|INDEX]`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-check-table-index.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN CLEANUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-cleanup.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN CLEANUP for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN PAUSE DDL`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-pause-ddl.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN PAUSE DDL JOBS for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN RECOVER INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-recover.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN RECOVER INDEX for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN RESUME DDL`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-resume-ddl.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN RESUME DDL for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN [SET|SHOW|UNSET] BDR ROLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-bdr-role.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN [SET|SHOW|UNSET] BDR ROLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`ADMIN SHOW DDL [JOBS|JOB QUERIES]`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-admin-show-ddl.md): An overview of the usage of ADMIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`ALTER DATABASE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-database.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER DATABASE for the TiDB database.
      - [`ALTER INSTANCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-instance.md): Learn the overview of the `ALTER INSTANCE` usage in TiDB.
      - [`ALTER PLACEMENT POLICY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-placement-policy.md): The usage of ALTER PLACEMENT POLICY in TiDB.
      - [`ALTER RANGE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-range.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER RANGE for TiDB.
      - [`ALTER RESOURCE GROUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-resource-group.md): Learn the usage of ALTER RESOURCE GROUP in TiDB.
      - [`ALTER SEQUENCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-sequence.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER SEQUENCE for the TiDB database.
      - `ALTER TABLE`
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-table.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER TABLE for the TiDB database.
        - [`ADD COLUMN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-add-column.md): An overview of the usage of ADD COLUMN for the TiDB database.
        - [`ADD INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-add-index.md): An overview of the usage of ADD INDEX for the TiDB database.
        - [`ALTER INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-index.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER INDEX for the TiDB database.
        - [`CHANGE COLUMN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-change-column.md): An overview of the usage of CHANGE COLUMN for the TiDB database.
        - [`COMPACT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-table-compact.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER TABLE ... COMPACT for the TiDB database.
        - [`DROP COLUMN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-column.md): An overview of the usage of DROP COLUMN for the TiDB database.
        - [`DROP INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-index.md): An overview of the usage of DROP INDEX for the TiDB database.
        - [`MODIFY COLUMN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-modify-column.md): An overview of the usage of MODIFY COLUMN for the TiDB database.
        - [`RENAME INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-rename-index.md): An overview of the usage of RENAME INDEX for the TiDB database.
      - [`ALTER USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-alter-user.md): An overview of the usage of ALTER USER for the TiDB database.
      - [`ANALYZE TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-analyze-table.md): An overview of the usage of ANALYZE for the TiDB database.
      - [`BACKUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-backup.md): An overview of the usage of BACKUP for the TiDB database.
      - [`BATCH`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-batch.md): An overview of the usage of BATCH for the TiDB database.
      - [`BEGIN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-begin.md): An overview of the usage of BEGIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`CALIBRATE RESOURCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-calibrate-resource.md): An overview of the usage of CALIBRATE RESOURCE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CANCEL DISTRIBUTION JOB`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-cancel-distribution-job.md): An overview of the usage of CANCEL DISTRIBUTION JOB in TiDB.
      - [`CANCEL IMPORT JOB`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-cancel-import-job.md): An overview of the usage of CANCEL IMPORT in TiDB.
      - [`COMMIT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-commit.md): An overview of the usage of COMMIT for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE BINDING`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-binding.md): Use of CREATE BINDING in TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE DATABASE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-database.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE DATABASE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE INDEX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-index.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE INDEX for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-placement-policy.md): The usage of CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY in TiDB.
      - [`CREATE RESOURCE GROUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-resource-group.md): Learn the usage of CREATE RESOURCE GROUP in TiDB.
      - [`CREATE ROLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-role.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE ROLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE SEQUENCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-sequence.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE SEQUENCE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE TABLE LIKE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-table-like.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE TABLE LIKE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-table.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-user.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE USER for the TiDB database.
      - [`CREATE VIEW`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-create-view.md): An overview of the usage of CREATE VIEW for the TiDB database.
      - [`DEALLOCATE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-deallocate.md): An overview of the usage of DEALLOCATE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DELETE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-delete.md): An overview of the usage of DELETE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DESC`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-desc.md): An overview of the usage of `DESC` for the TiDB database.
      - [`DESCRIBE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-describe.md): An overview of the usage of DESCRIBE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DISTRIBUTE TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-distribute-table.md): An overview of the usage of DISTRIBUTE TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-do.md): An overview of the usage of DO for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP BINDING`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-binding.md): Use of DROP BINDING in TiDB database.
      - [`DROP DATABASE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-database.md): An overview of the usage of DROP DATABASE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP PLACEMENT POLICY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-placement-policy.md): The usage of ALTER PLACEMENT POLICY in TiDB.
      - [`DROP RESOURCE GROUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-resource-group.md): Learn the usage of DROP RESOURCE GROUP in TiDB.
      - [`DROP ROLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-role.md): An overview of the usage of DROP ROLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP SEQUENCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-sequence.md): An overview of the usage of DROP SEQUENCE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP STATS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-stats.md): An overview of the usage of DROP STATS for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-table.md): An overview of the usage of DROP TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-user.md): An overview of the usage of DROP USER for the TiDB database.
      - [`DROP VIEW`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-drop-view.md): An overview of the usage of DROP VIEW for the TiDB database.
      - [`EXECUTE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-execute.md): An overview of the usage of EXECUTE for the TiDB database.
      - [`EXPLAIN ANALYZE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-explain-analyze.md): An overview of the usage of EXPLAIN ANALYZE for the TiDB database.
      - [`EXPLAIN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-explain.md): An overview of the usage of EXPLAIN for the TiDB database.
      - [`FLASHBACK CLUSTER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flashback-cluster.md): Learn the usage of FLASHBACK CLUSTER in TiDB databases.
      - [`FLASHBACK DATABASE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flashback-database.md): Learn the usage of FLASHBACK DATABASE in TiDB databases.
      - [`FLASHBACK TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flashback-table.md): Learn how to recover tables using the `FLASHBACK TABLE` statement.
      - [`FLUSH PRIVILEGES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flush-privileges.md): An overview of the usage of FLUSH PRIVILEGES for the TiDB database.
      - [`FLUSH STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flush-status.md): An overview of the usage of FLUSH STATUS for the TiDB database.
      - [`FLUSH TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-flush-tables.md): An overview of the usage of FLUSH TABLES for the TiDB database.
      - [`GRANT <privileges>`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-grant-privileges.md): An overview of the usage of GRANT <privileges> for the TiDB database.
      - [`GRANT <role>`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-grant-role.md): An overview of the usage of GRANT <role> for the TiDB database.
      - [`IMPORT INTO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-import-into.md): An overview of the usage of IMPORT INTO in TiDB.
      - [`INSERT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-insert.md): An overview of the usage of INSERT for the TiDB database.
      - [`KILL`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-kill.md): An overview of the usage of KILL for the TiDB database.
      - [`LOAD DATA`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-load-data.md): An overview of the usage of LOAD DATA for the TiDB database.
      - [`LOAD STATS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-load-stats.md): An overview of the usage of LOAD STATS for the TiDB database.
      - [`LOCK STATS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-lock-stats.md): An overview of the usage of LOCK STATS for the TiDB database.
      - [`[LOCK|UNLOCK] TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-lock-tables-and-unlock-tables.md): An overview of the usage of LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES for the TiDB database.
      - [`PREPARE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-prepare.md): An overview of the usage of PREPARE for the TiDB database.
      - [`QUERY WATCH`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-query-watch.md): An overview of the usage of QUERY WATCH for the TiDB database.
      - [`RECOVER TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-recover-table.md): An overview of the usage of RECOVER TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`RENAME USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-rename-user.md): An overview of the usage of RENAME USER for the TiDB database.
      - [`RENAME TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-rename-table.md): An overview of the usage of RENAME TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`REPLACE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-replace.md): An overview of the usage of REPLACE for the TiDB database.
      - [`RESTORE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-restore.md): An overview of the usage of RESTORE for the TiDB database.
      - [`REVOKE <privileges>`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-revoke-privileges.md): An overview of the usage of REVOKE <privileges> for the TiDB database.
      - [`REVOKE <role>`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-revoke-role.md): An overview of the usage of REVOKE <role> for the TiDB database.
      - [`ROLLBACK`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-rollback.md): An overview of the usage of ROLLBACK for the TiDB database.
      - [`SAVEPOINT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-savepoint.md): An overview of the usage of SAVEPOINT for the TiDB database.
      - [`SELECT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-select.md): An overview of the usage of SELECT for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET DEFAULT ROLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-default-role.md): An overview of the usage of SET DEFAULT ROLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET]`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-names.md): An overview of the usage of SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET] for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET PASSWORD`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-password.md): An overview of the usage of SET PASSWORD for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET RESOURCE GROUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-resource-group.md): An overview of the usage of SET RESOURCE GROUP in the TiDB database.
      - [`SET ROLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-role.md): An overview of the usage of SET ROLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET TRANSACTION`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-transaction.md): An overview of the usage of SET TRANSACTION for the TiDB database.
      - [`SET <variable>`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-set-variable.md): An overview of the usage of SET [GLOBAL|SESSION] <variable> for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW AFFINITY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-affinity.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW AFFINITY for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW ANALYZE STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-analyze-status.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW ANALYZE STATUS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW [BACKUPS|RESTORES]`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-backups.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [BACKUPS|RESTORES] for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW BINDINGS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-bindings.md): Use of SHOW BINDINGS binding in TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW BUILTINS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-builtins.md): The usage of SHOW BUILTINS in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW CHARACTER SET`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-character-set.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW CHARACTER SET for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW COLLATION`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-collation.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW COLLATION for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW COLUMN_STATS_USAGE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-column-stats-usage.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW COLUMN_STATS_USAGE for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW COLUMNS FROM`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-columns-from.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW CONFIG`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-config.md): Overview of the use of SHOW CONFIG in the TiDB database
      - [`SHOW CREATE DATABASE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-database.md): An overview of the use of SHOW CREATE DATABASE in the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-placement-policy.md): The usage of SHOW CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW CREATE RESOURCE GROUP`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-resource-group.md): Learn the usage of SHOW CREATE RESOURCE GROUP in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW CREATE SEQUENCE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-sequence.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW CREATE SEQUENCE for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW CREATE TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-table.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW CREATE TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW CREATE USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-create-user.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW CREATE USER for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW DATABASES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-databases.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW DATABASES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW DISTRIBUTION JOBS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-distribution-jobs.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW DISTRIBUTION JOBS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW ENGINES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-engines.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW ENGINES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW ERRORS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-errors.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW ERRORS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW FIELDS FROM`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-fields-from.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [FULL] FIELDS FROM for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW GRANTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-grants.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW GRANTS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW IMPORT JOB`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-import-job.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW IMPORT in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW INDEXES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-indexes.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW INDEXES [FROM|IN] for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW MASTER STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-master-status.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW MASTER STATUS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW PLACEMENT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-placement.md): The usage of SHOW PLACEMENT in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW PLACEMENT FOR`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-placement-for.md): The usage of SHOW PLACEMENT FOR in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW PLACEMENT LABELS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-placement-labels.md): The usage of SHOW PLACEMENT LABELS in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW PLUGINS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-plugins.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW PLUGINS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW PRIVILEGES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-privileges.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW PRIVILEGES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW PROCESSLIST`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-processlist.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW PROFILES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-profiles.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW PROFILES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW SCHEMAS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-schemas.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW SCHEMAS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_BUCKETS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-buckets.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_BUCKETS for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_HEALTHY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-healthy.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_HEALTHY for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_HISTOGRAMS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-histograms.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_HISTOGRAMS for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_LOCKED`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-locked.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_LOCKED for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_META`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-meta.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_META for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATS_TOPN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-stats-topn.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW STATS_TOPN for TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-status.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] STATUS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW TABLE DISTRIBUTION`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-table-distribution.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW TABLE DISTRIBUTION for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW TABLE NEXT_ROW_ID`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-table-next-rowid.md): Learn the usage of `SHOW TABLE NEXT_ROW_ID` in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW TABLE REGIONS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-table-regions.md): Learn how to use SHOW TABLE REGIONS in TiDB.
      - [`SHOW TABLE STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-table-status.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW TABLE STATUS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-tables.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [FULL] TABLES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW VARIABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-variables.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] VARIABLES for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHOW WARNINGS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-warnings.md): An overview of the usage of SHOW WARNINGS for the TiDB database.
      - [`SHUTDOWN`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-shutdown.md): An overview of the usage of SHUTDOWN for the TiDB database.
      - [`SPLIT REGION`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-split-region.md): An overview of the usage of Split Region for the TiDB database.
      - [`START TRANSACTION`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-start-transaction.md): An overview of the usage of START TRANSACTION for the TiDB database.
      - [`TABLE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-table.md): An overview of the usage of TABLE for the TiDB database.
      - [`TRACE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-trace.md): An overview of the usage of TRACE for the TiDB database.
      - [`TRUNCATE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-truncate.md): An overview of the usage of TRUNCATE for the TiDB database.
      - [`UNLOCK STATS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-unlock-stats.md): An overview of the usage of UNLOCK STATS for the TiDB database.
      - [`UPDATE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-update.md): An overview of the usage of UPDATE for the TiDB database.
      - [`USE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-use.md): An overview of the usage of USE for the TiDB database.
      - [`WITH`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-statement-with.md): An overview of the usage of WITH (Common Table Expression) for the TiDB database.
    - Data Types
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-overview.md): Learn about the data types supported in TiDB.
      - [Default Values](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-default-values.md): Learn about default values for data types in TiDB.
      - [Numeric Types](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-numeric.md): Learn about numeric data types supported in TiDB.
      - [Date and Time Types](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-date-and-time.md): Learn about the supported date and time types.
      - [String Types](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-string.md): Learn about the string types supported in TiDB.
      - [JSON Type](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/data-type-json.md): Learn about the JSON data type in TiDB.
      - [Vector Types](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/vector-search-data-types.md): Learn about the Vector data types in TiDB.
    - Functions and Operators
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/functions-and-operators-overview.md): Learn how to use the functions and operators.
      - [Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/type-conversion-in-expression-evaluation.md): Learn about the type conversion in expression evaluation.
      - [Operators](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/operators.md): Learn about the operators precedence, comparison functions and operators, logical operators, and assignment operators.
      - [Control Flow Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/control-flow-functions.md): Learn about the Control Flow functions.
      - [String Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/string-functions.md): Learn about the string functions in TiDB.
      - [Numeric Functions and Operators](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/numeric-functions-and-operators.md): Learn about the numeric functions and operators.
      - [Date and Time Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/date-and-time-functions.md): Learn how to use the data and time functions.
      - [Bit Functions and Operators](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/bit-functions-and-operators.md): Learn about the bit functions and operators.
      - [Cast Functions and Operators](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/cast-functions-and-operators.md): Learn about the cast functions and operators.
      - [Encryption and Compression Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/encryption-and-compression-functions.md): Learn about the encryption and compression functions.
      - [Locking Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/locking-functions.md): Learn about user-level locking functions in TiDB.
      - [Information Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-functions.md): Learn about the information functions.
      - [Vector Functions and Operators](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/vector-search-functions-and-operators.md): Learn about functions and operators available for Vector data types.
      - JSON Functions
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions.md): Learn about JSON functions.
        - [Functions That Create JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-create.md): Learn about JSON functions that create JSON values.
        - [Functions That Search JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-search.md): Learn about JSON functions that search JSON values.
        - [Functions That Modify JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-modify.md): Learn about JSON functions that modify JSON values.
        - [Functions That Return JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-return.md): Learn about JSON functions that return JSON values.
        - [JSON Utility Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-utility.md): Learn about JSON utility functions.
        - [Functions That Aggregate JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-aggregate.md): Learn about JSON functions that aggregate JSON values.
        - [Functions That Validate JSON](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/json-functions-validate.md): Learn about JSON functions that validate JSON documents.
      - [Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/aggregate-group-by-functions.md): Learn about the supported aggregate functions in TiDB.
      - [GROUP BY Modifiers](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/group-by-modifier.md): Learn how to use TiDB GROUP BY modifiers.
      - [Window Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/window-functions.md): This document introduces window functions supported in TiDB.
      - [Sequence Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sequence-functions.md): This document introduces sequence functions supported in TiDB.
      - [Utility Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/utility-functions.md): This document introduces utility functions supported in TiDB.
      - [Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/miscellaneous-functions.md): Learn about miscellaneous functions in TiDB.
      - [TiDB Specific Functions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-functions.md): Learn about the usage of TiDB specific functions.
      - [Precision Math](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/precision-math.md): Learn about the precision math in TiDB.
      - [Set Operations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/set-operators.md): Learn the supported set operations in TiDB.
      - [List of Expressions for Pushdown](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/expressions-pushed-down.md): Learn a list of expressions that can be pushed down to TiKV and the related operations.
      - [Comparisons between Functions and Syntax of Oracle and TiDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/oracle-functions-to-tidb.md): Learn the comparisons between functions and syntax of Oracle and TiDB.
    - [Clustered Indexes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/clustered-indexes.md): Learn the concept, user scenarios, usages, limitations, and compatibility of clustered indexes.
    - [Global Indexes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/global-indexes.md): Learn the use cases, advantages, usage, working principles, and limitations of TiDB global indexes.
    - [Vector Index](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/vector-search-index.md): Learn how to build and use the vector search index to accelerate K-Nearest neighbors (KNN) queries in TiDB.
    - [Constraints](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/constraints.md): Learn how SQL Constraints apply to TiDB.
    - [Generated Columns](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/generated-columns.md): Learn how to use generated columns.
    - [SQL Mode](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-mode.md)
    - [Table Attributes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-attributes.md): Learn how to use the table attribute feature of TiDB.
    - Transactions
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/transaction-overview.md): Learn transactions in TiDB.
      - [Isolation Levels](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/transaction-isolation-levels.md): Learn about the transaction isolation levels in TiDB.
      - [Optimistic Transactions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/optimistic-transaction.md): Learn the optimistic transaction model in TiDB.
      - [Pessimistic Transactions](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pessimistic-transaction.md): Learn the pessimistic transaction mode in TiDB.
      - [Non-Transactional DML Statements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/non-transactional-dml.md): Learn the non-transactional DML statements in TiDB. At the expense of atomicity and isolation, a DML statement is split into multiple statements to be executed in sequence, which improves the stability and ease of use in batch data processing scenarios.
      - [Pipelined DML](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/pipelined-dml.md): Introduce the use cases, methods, limitations, and FAQs of Pipelined DML. Pipelined DML enhances TiDB's batch processing capabilities, allowing transaction sizes to bypass TiDB's memory limits.
    - [Views](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/views.md): Learn how to use views in TiDB.
    - [Partitioning](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/partitioned-table.md): Learn how to use partitioning in TiDB.
    - [Temporary Tables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/temporary-tables.md): Learn the temporary tables feature in TiDB, and learn how to use temporary tables to store intermediate data of an application, which helps reduce table management overhead and improve performance.
    - [Cached Tables](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/cached-tables.md): Learn the cached table feature in TiDB, which is used for rarely-updated small hotspot tables to improve read performance.
    - [FOREIGN KEY Constraints](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/foreign-key.md): An overview of the usage of FOREIGN KEY constraints for the TiDB database.
    - [Table-Level Data Affinity](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-affinity.md): Learn how to configure affinity constraints for tables or partitions to control Region replica distribution and how to view the scheduling status.
    - Character Set and Collation
      - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/character-set-and-collation.md): Learn about the supported character sets and collations in TiDB.
      - [GBK](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/character-set-gbk.md): This document provides details about the TiDB support of the GBK character set.
    - [TTL (Time to Live)](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/time-to-live.md): Time to live (TTL) is a feature that allows you to manage TiDB data lifetime at the row level. In this document, you can learn how to use TTL to automatically expire and delete old data.
    - [Placement Rules in SQL](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/placement-rules-in-sql.md): Learn how to schedule placement of tables and partitions using SQL statements.
    - System Tables
      - `mysql` Schema
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/mysql-schema.md): Learn about the TiDB system tables.
        - [`tidb_mdl_view`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/mysql-schema-tidb-mdl-view.md): Learn about the `tidb_mdl_view` table in the `mysql` schema.
        - [`user`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/mysql-schema-user.md): Learn about the `user` table in the `mysql` schema.
      - INFORMATION_SCHEMA
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema.md): TiDB implements the ANSI-standard information_schema for viewing system metadata.
        - [`ANALYZE_STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-analyze-status.md): Learn the `ANALYZE_STATUS` information_schema table.
        - [`CHECK_CONSTRAINTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-check-constraints.md): Learn the `CHECK_CONSTRAINTS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_HOST`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/client-errors-summary-by-host.md): Learn about the `CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_HOST` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_USER`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/client-errors-summary-by-user.md): Learn about the `CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_USER` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_GLOBAL`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/client-errors-summary-global.md): Learn about the `CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_GLOBAL` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`CHARACTER_SETS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-character-sets.md): Learn the `CHARACTER_SETS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`CLUSTER_CONFIG`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-config.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_CONFIG` information_schema table.
        - [`CLUSTER_HARDWARE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-hardware.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_HARDWARE` information_schema table.
        - [`CLUSTER_INFO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-info.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_INFO` cluster topology information table.
        - [`CLUSTER_LOAD`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-load.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_LOAD` information_schema table.
        - [`CLUSTER_LOG`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-log.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_LOG` information_schema table.
        - [`CLUSTER_SYSTEMINFO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-cluster-systeminfo.md): Learn the `CLUSTER_SYSTEMINFO` kernel parameter table.
        - [`COLLATIONS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-collations.md): Learn the `COLLATIONS` information_schema table.
        - [`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-collation-character-set-applicability.md): Learn the `COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`COLUMNS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-columns.md): Learn the `COLUMNS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`DATA_LOCK_WAITS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-data-lock-waits.md): Learn the `DATA_LOCK_WAITS` information_schema table.
        - [`DDL_JOBS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-ddl-jobs.md): Learn the `DDL_JOBS` information_schema table.
        - [`DEADLOCKS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-deadlocks.md): Learn the `DEADLOCKS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`ENGINES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-engines.md): Learn the `ENGINES` information_schema table.
        - [`INSPECTION_RESULT`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-inspection-result.md): Learn the `INSPECTION_RESULT` diagnostic result table.
        - [`INSPECTION_RULES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-inspection-rules.md): Learn the `INSPECTION_RULES` information_schema table.
        - [`INSPECTION_SUMMARY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-inspection-summary.md): Learn the `INSPECTION_SUMMARY` inspection summary table.
        - [`KEYWORDS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-keywords.md): Learn the `KEYWORDS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`KEY_COLUMN_USAGE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-key-column-usage.md): Learn the `KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` information_schema table.
        - [`MEMORY_USAGE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-memory-usage.md): Learn the `MEMORY_USAGE` information_schema system table.
        - [`MEMORY_USAGE_OPS_HISTORY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-memory-usage-ops-history.md): Learn the `MEMORY_USAGE_OPS_HISTORY` information_schema system table.
        - [`METRICS_SUMMARY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-metrics-summary.md): Learn the METRICS_SUMMARY system table.
        - [`METRICS_TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-metrics-tables.md): Learn the `METRICS_TABLES` system table.
        - [`PARTITIONS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-partitions.md): Learn the `PARTITIONS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`PLACEMENT_POLICIES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-placement-policies.md): Learn the `PLACEMENT_POLICIES` information_schema table.
        - [`PROCESSLIST`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-processlist.md): Learn the `PROCESSLIST` information_schema table.
        - [`REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-referential-constraints.md): Learn the `REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`RESOURCE_GROUPS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-resource-groups.md): Learn the `RESOURCE_GROUPS` information_schema table.
        - [`RUNAWAY_WATCHES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-runaway-watches.md): Learn the `RUNAWAY_WATCHES` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`SCHEMATA`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-schemata.md): Learn the `SCHEMATA` information_schema table.
        - [`SEQUENCES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-sequences.md): Learn the `SEQUENCES` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`SESSION_VARIABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-session-variables.md): Learn the `SESSION_VARIABLES` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`SLOW_QUERY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-slow-query.md): Learn the `SLOW_QUERY` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`STATISTICS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-statistics.md): Learn the `STATISTICS` information_schema table.
        - [`TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tables.md): Learn the `TABLES` information_schema table.
        - [`TABLE_CONSTRAINTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-table-constraints.md): Learn the `TABLE_CONSTRAINTS` information_schema table.
        - [`TABLE_STORAGE_STATS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-table-storage-stats.md): Learn the `TABLE_STORAGE_STATS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIDB_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-check-constraints.md): Learn the `TIDB_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIDB_HOT_REGIONS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-hot-regions.md): Learn the `TIDB_HOT_REGIONS` information_schema table.
        - [`TIDB_HOT_REGIONS_HISTORY`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-hot-regions-history.md): Learn the `TIDB_HOT_REGIONS_HISTORY` information_schema table.
        - [`TIDB_INDEXES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-indexes.md): Learn the `TIDB_INDEXES` information_schema table.
        - [`TIDB_INDEX_USAGE`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-index-usage.md): Learn the `TIDB_INDEX_USAGE` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIDB_SERVERS_INFO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-servers-info.md): Learn the `TIDB_SERVERS_INFO` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIDB_TRX`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tidb-trx.md): Learn the `TIDB_TRX` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIFLASH_INDEXES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tiflash-indexes.md): Learn about the `TIFLASH_INDEXES` table in `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.
        - [`TIFLASH_REPLICA`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tiflash-replica.md): Learn the `TIFLASH_REPLICA` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIFLASH_SEGMENTS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tiflash-segments.md): Learn the `TIFLASH_SEGMENTS` information_schema table.
        - [`TIFLASH_TABLES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tiflash-tables.md): Learn the `TIFLASH_TABLES` information_schema table.
        - [`TIKV_REGION_PEERS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tikv-region-peers.md): Learn the `TIKV_REGION_PEERS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`TIKV_REGION_STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tikv-region-status.md): Learn the `TIKV_REGION_STATUS` information_schema table.
        - [`TIKV_STORE_STATUS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-tikv-store-status.md): Learn the `TIKV_STORE_STATUS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`USER_ATTRIBUTES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-user-attributes.md): Learn the `USER_ATTRIBUTES` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
        - [`USER_PRIVILEGES`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-user-privileges.md): Learn the `USER_PRIVILEGES` information_schema table.
        - [`VARIABLES_INFO`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-variables-info.md): Learn the `VARIABLES_INFO` information_schema table.
        - [`VIEWS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/information-schema-views.md): Learn the `VIEWS` INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
      - [`METRICS_SCHEMA`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/metrics-schema.md): Learn the `METRICS_SCHEMA` schema.
      - PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/performance-schema.md): TiDB implements the performance_schema for viewing system metadata.
        - [`SESSION_CONNECT_ATTRS`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/performance-schema-session-connect-attrs.md): Learn the `SESSION_CONNECT_ATTRS` performance_schema table.
      - SYS
        - [Overview](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sys-schema.md): Learn about the system tables in the `sys` schema.
        - [`schema_unused_indexes`](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sys-schema-unused-indexes.md): Learn about the `schema_unused_indexes` table in the `sys` schema.
    - [Metadata Lock](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/metadata-lock.md): Introduce the concept, principles, and implementation details of metadata lock in TiDB.
    - [TiDB Accelerated Table Creation](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/accelerated-table-creation.md): Learn the concept, principles, and implementation details of performance optimization for creating tables in TiDB.
    - [Schema Cache](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/schema-cache.md): TiDB adopts an LRU-based (Least Recently Used) caching mechanism for schema information, which significantly reduces memory usage and improves performance in scenarios with a large number of databases and tables.
  - [Telemetry](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/telemetry.md): Learn the telemetry feature, how to disable the feature and view its status.
  - [Error Codes](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/error-codes.md): Learn about the error codes and solutions in TiDB.
  - [Table Filter](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/table-filter.md): Usage of table filter feature in TiDB tools.
  - [TiDB Installation Packages](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/binary-package.md): Learn about TiDB installation packages and the specific components included.
  - [Schedule Replicas by Topology Labels](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/schedule-replicas-by-topology-labels.md): Learn how to schedule replicas by topology labels.
  - [URI Formats of External Storage Services](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/external-storage-uri.md): Learn about the storage URI formats of external storage services, including Amazon S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage.
  - [Interaction Test on Online Workloads and `ADD INDEX` Operations](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/online-workloads-and-add-index-operations.md): This document tests the interaction effects between online workloads and `ADD INDEX` operations.
  - [`ANALYZE` Embedded in DDL Statements](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/ddl_embedded_analyze.md): This document describes the `ANALYZE` feature embedded in DDL statements for newly created or reorganized indexes, which ensures that statistics for new indexes are updated promptly.
- FAQs
  - [FAQ Summary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/faq-overview.md): Summarizes frequently asked questions (FAQs) about TiDB.
  - [TiDB FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/tidb-faq.md): Learn about the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) relating to TiDB.
  - [SQL FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/sql-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to TiDB SQL.
  - [Deployment FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/deploy-and-maintain-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to TiDB deployment.
  - [Migration FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/migration-tidb-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to data migration.
  - [Upgrade FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/upgrade-faq.md): Learn about some FAQs and the solutions during and after upgrading TiDB.
  - [Monitoring FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/monitor-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to TiDB Monitoring.
  - [Cluster Management FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/manage-cluster-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to TiDB cluster management.
  - [High Availability FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/high-availability-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to high availability of TiDB.
  - [High Reliability FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/high-reliability-faq.md): Learn about the FAQs related to high reliability of TiDB.
  - [Backup and Restore FAQs](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/backup-and-restore-faq.md): Learn about Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and the solutions of backup and restore.
- [Glossary](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/glossary.md): Glossaries about TiDB.